Characterisation comparison of laser and laser–arc hybrid welding of Invar 36 alloy

Li, G.; Gao, Ming; Chen, C.; Zhang, Chen; Zeng, Xiaoyan

doi:10.1179/1362171813y.0000000159

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The chemical composition of Ni kept constant from the BM to WZ. It suggested that almost no Ni loss occurred during the K-TIG welding, which usually occurred in laser-MIG hybrid welding of Invar36 alloy [13]. Ni content was the key to CTE and Curie temperature of Invar36 alloy [2].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laser-MIG welding combines laser welding and MIG welding, which has the advantages of deep penetration, good bridging ability and high welding speed. Li et al [13] carried out laser-MIG hybrid welding of 5-mm-thick Invar36 alloy and the weld had excellent tensile strength. But the CTE of the welds was higher than that of the BM due to the change of Ni content in the weld zone (WZ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Invar36 alloy joints using keyhole TIG welding

Yang

Liu

et al. 2020

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Single-pass keyhole TIG welding (K-TIG) was used to weld 10-mm-thick Invar36 alloy plates without filler metal and groove preparation. The effects of joint gap, welding current, welding speed and arc length on the weld appearance, microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. No phase transformation occurred in the weld where only austenite (γ -(Fe, Ni)) was formed, while the grain structure changed significantly. The maximum tensile strength of K-TIG weld was 440.7 MPa reaching 99.9% of the base metal and the maximum elongation was 31.5%. The microhardness in the weld zone was slightly lower than that of the base metal. The results suggested that K-TIG welding was a very promising method for the joining of middle-thick Invar36 alloy plates.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Invar36 alloy joints using keyhole TIG welding

Yang

Liu

et al. 2020

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The hybrid laser-plasma welding has high rigidity, high temperature and good direction. Li [23] compared the microstructure, coefficient of thermal expansion, mechanical properties of laser weld and hybrid weld metal based on a welding investigation of Invar 36 alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between hybrid laser-MIG welding and MIG welding for the invar36 alloy

Zhan

et al. 2016

Optics & Laser Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…They investigated the effects of temperature field distribution and its relation to element diffusion and concluded that a full penetration dissimilar weld joint between Invar and steel was obtained using their specified welding parameters. Li et al successfully joined two Invar 36 plates using ER309 filler wire [ 33 ]. They used both laser welding and laser-arc hybrid welding to compare the microstructure, thermal expansion characteristics, and mechanical properties of the weld joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Linear Thermal Expansion of Additively Manufactured Multi-Material Joining between Invar and Steel

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work investigated the linear thermal expansion properties of a multi-material specimen fabricated with Invar M93 and A36 steel. A sequence of tests was performed to investigate the viability of additively manufactured Invar M93 for lowering the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in multi-material part tooling. Invar beads were additively manufactured on a steel base plate using a fiber laser system, and samples were taken from the steel, Invar, and the interface between the two materials. The CTE of the samples was measured between 40 °C and 150 °C using a thermomechanical analyzer, and the elemental composition was studied with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The CTE of samples taken from the steel and the interface remained comparable to that of A36 steel; however, deviations between the thermal expansion values were prevalent due to element diffusion in and around the heat-affected zone. The CTEs measured from the Invar bead were lower than those from the other sections with the largest and smallest thermal expansion values being 10.40 μm/m-K and 2.09 μm/m-K. In each of the sections, the largest CTE was measured from samples taken from the end of the weld beads. An additional test was performed to measure the aggregate expansion of multi-material tools. Invar beads were welded on an A36 steel plate. The invar was machined, and the sample was heated in an oven from 40 °C and 160 °C. Strain gauges were placed on the surface of the part and were used to analyze how the combined thermal expansions of the invar and steel would affect the thermal expansion on the surface of a tool. There were small deviations between the expansion values measured by gauges placed in different orientations, and the elongation of the sample was greatest along the dimension containing a larger percentage of steel. On average, the expansion of the machined Invar surface was 42% less than the expansion of the steel surface. The results of this work demonstrate that additively manufactured Invar can be utilized to decrease the CTE for multi-material part tooling.

show abstract

Characterisation comparison of laser and laser–arc hybrid welding of Invar 36 alloy

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Invar36 alloy joints using keyhole TIG welding

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Invar36 alloy joints using keyhole TIG welding

Comparison between hybrid laser-MIG welding and MIG welding for the invar36 alloy

Investigating the Linear Thermal Expansion of Additively Manufactured Multi-Material Joining between Invar and Steel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About