Effect of Alkali Treatment and Amino Acid Supplementation on the Nutritive Value of Yellow and Oriental Mustard Meal for Swine

Abstract

Mustard seed batches of Brassica hirta 'Sabre' and of B. juncea 'Oriental' were oil-extracted, treated with Na2CO3 solutions to provide 0, 1 and 2% Na2CO3 based on meal, heat-treated, fed to growing pigs in diets containing 16–17% protein and tested in digestibility trials. Heat treatment alone resulted in significant reductions in glucosinolate content, especially of the allyl type in B. juncea. Na2CO3 treatment reduced glucosinolate and sinapine contents by 20–40% and reduced available lysine by 15–20%. Growth responses of swine showed Oriental meal to be inferior to Sabre meal and both inferior to soybean meal. Digestibility of Sabre protein was 64%; digestibility of energy was 65%, giving 12.3 MJ digestible energy (DE) per kilogram. Digestibility of Oriental protein was 87%; digestibility of energy was 65%, giving 12.3 MJ DE/kg. The nutritional differences between the mustard meals and soybean meal were attributed to glucosinolates affecting palatability or thyroid function, since available energy, protein or lysine were not sufficiently limiting in the diets to account for the dietary responses obtained. Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors, correcting for both the amino acid composition of the protein and for the non-protein nitrogen component, were about 4.43 and 4.95 for mustard meals and soybean meal respectively.

Effect of Methanol‐Ammonia‐Water Treatment on the Concentration of Individual Glucosinolates of Canola

“…However, the glucosinolates are still capable of inducing undesirable effects when fed to animals by forming toxic aglucones in the gastrointestinal tract (Fenwick et al, 1983). Consequently, other methods have been developed to detoxify the seed by extracting the glucosinolates with water (Kozlowska et al, 1972), aqueous base (Sosulski et al, 1972) or aqueous alcohols (Birot and Briffaud, 1972;Jones and Holme, 1979) or degrading them by treatment with sodium carbonate (Bell et al, 1981) (B) methanol-ammonia-waterlhexane extracted. Peak numbers correspond to compounds shown in Table 1.…”

Nutritional composition and digestibility by 80-kg to 100-kg pigs of prepress solvent-extracted meals from low glucosinolate Brassica juncea, B. napus and B. rapa seed and of solvent-extracted soybean meal

“…Adverse effects of allyl glucosinolates in Brassica juncea meal (oil-extracted) on bodyweight gain and thyroid histology were found in trials with mice and rats (Bell et al 1971(Bell et al , 1972Bille et al 1983) and in pigs (Bell et al 1981). Treatment of the meal with ammonia reduced the glucosinolate and sinapine contents (McGregor et al 1983) and improved its feeding value for poultry (Blair 1984) and pigs (Keith and Bell 1985).…”

Amino Acid Supplementation of Ammoniated Mustard Meal for Use in Swine Feeds

“…Ammoniation of mustard meal resulted in more extensive glucosinolate reduction than occurred previously with sodium carbonate treatment (Bell et al 1981). Ap-proximately 16%o of these compounds remained after ammoniation: 6OVo after sodium carbonate treatment.…”