Effect of Al/O Ratio on the Detonation Performance and Underwater Explosion of HMX‐based Aluminized Explosives

Xiang, Dalin; Rong, Jili; Li, Jian

doi:10.1002/prep.201300026

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The high bubble energy can be associated with the detonation heat. A high detonation heat results in a high bubble energy, as previously demonstrated in RDX-and HMX-based aluminized explosives [18,19]. However, the RDX/AP-based aluminized explosives do not follow this principle.…”

Section: Detailed Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Underwater Explosion Performance of RDX/AP-based Aluminized Explosives

Xiang¹,

Rong²,

He³

et al. 2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Abstract:To understand the underwater explosion (UNDEX) performance of RDX/AP-based aluminized explosives, six formulations of the explosives were prepared, with Al content varying from 30% to 55% and ammonium perchlorate (AP) content from 45% to 20%. A series of UNDEX tests that used a 1 kg cylindrical charge was conducted underwater at a depth of 4.7 m. The pressure histories of the shock wave produced at different positions and the bubble periods were measured. The coefficients of the similarity law equation for the shock wave parameters were fitted with experimental data. The effect of the aluminum/ oxygen (Al/O) ratio on the performance of the energy output structure for RDX/AP-based aluminized explosives is discussed. The bubble motion during UNDEX was simulated using MSC.DYTRAN software, and the radius-time curves of the bubbles were determined. The results show that AP influences the detonation reaction mechanism of RDX/AP-based aluminized explosives, which causes different UNDEX performances. The bubble energy of the RDX/AP-based aluminized explosive was higher than that of RDX-based and HMX-based aluminized explosives.

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Section: Detailed Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The fluid elements in the FE model were represented using hexahedral elements, and the total number of elements used in this simulation was 640,000. Two subroutines were developed to define the initial and boundary conditions in the fluid field [19]. Figure 7 presents the bubble's entire evolution in two periods.…”

Section: Simulation Of the Bubblementioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater Explosion Performance of RDX/AP-based Aluminized Explosives

Xiang¹,

Rong²,

He³

et al. 2017

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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“…As a type of energy‐storing material, fuel additives act as an important measure to improve the energy of mixed explosive. Aluminum is a traditional metallic fuel with high combustion enthalpy, which has favorable character in elevating explosion temperature, prolonging the detonation duration and improving performance by reacting with explosion products and releasing heat . On the other hand, the energy release is reduced due to the effect of the surficial oxide film on aluminum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

1IntroductionThere has been an increasing demand for high energy explosives related to the developmento fa mmunition technology.H owever,p reparation of single explosives is confronted with more and more technical difficulty.M ixed explosives represent an important classo fr esearch.A satype of energy-storing material, fuela dditives act as an important measure to improve the energy of mixed explosive. Aluminumi satraditional metallic fuel with high combustion enthalpy,w hich has favorable character in elevating explosiont emperature,p rolongingt he detonation duration and improving performance by reacting with explosion productsa nd releasing heat [1][2][3][4][5].O nt he other hand, the energy release is reducedd ue to the effect of the surficial oxide film on aluminum. As ak ind of high hydrogen storage materials, lightm etal hydridesh ave strong chemical reactivity and are expected to be high-energy explosive combustible agents.

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confidence: 99%

Energetic Characteristics of HMX‐Based Explosives Containing LiH

Ding

Shu

Liu

et al. 2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The high energy density compound octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX) and the strong exothermic compound LiH represent an excellent principal explosive and an active fuel, respectively. Herein, the energetic characteristics of HMX‐based explosives are explored by adding LiH as fuel additive. The detonation parameters of HMX‐based explosives containing LiH were tested with free‐field explosion experiments and compared with those of traditional TNT, HMX, and aluminized explosives. The results show that the explosives exhibit higher energy and present preferable explosion effect when LiH is added as an explosive ingredient. The improvement of impulse is more than 32.8 % at 2 m. The shock wave peak overpressure increases by almost 40 % at a distance of 3 m from detonation center specially for the explosive containing both LiH and Al additives. Elemental H and Li are expected to release tremendous energy to effectively improve the explosives instant damage power, but the detonation duration is shorter than that of Al‐containing mixed explosives, which may limit the advantage over Al in the impulse. Li2CO3 powder is the solid product of HMX/LiH, which explains the LiH oxidation during the explosion. The exothermic processes in the formation are the reason for the increased energy of HMX/LiH explosives. These results can provide guidance to a potential energetic system formed by HMX and LiH.

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“…The results indicated that the shock wave pressure and impulse of the 25% aluminum composite explosive is the highest of all of the composite explosives considered. Xiang et al 9 examined the variation of the shock wave energy and the bubble energy with the change in the aluminum content in HMX/Al and found that when the aluminum content equals 20% and 40%, the shock wave energy and the bubble energy exhibit maximum values. In the air, Trzcinski et al 10 measured the shock wave pressure using manganin pressure sensors for RDX/Al, and the results indicated that the shock wave impulse increased with an increase in the aluminum content from 0% to 30% and decreased with an increase in the aluminum content from 30% to 60%.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of the aluminum content on the shock wave pressure and the acceleration ability of RDX-based aluminized explosives

Zhou

Nie

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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To better understand the influence of the aluminum content on the performance of aluminized explosives, experiments in concrete and cylinder tests were performed. Three types of RDX-based aluminized explosives, in which the mass ratio of aluminum content was 0%, 15%, and 30% were considered in this paper. The shock wave pressures of the aluminized explosives in the affected concrete bodies were measured using manganin pressure sensors. The acceleration ability was obtained using a high-speed camera and a rotating mirror streak camera. The peak pressure attenuation characteristics of the explosives with various aluminum contents indicated that a higher aluminum content is associated with a slower peak pressure attenuation of the shock wave. In addition, the results of the cylinder tests and the metal-rod acceleration tests revealed the influence of the aluminum content on the acceleration ability of explosives in three different time periods. The test data presented in this paper verified the relationship between the aluminum content and explosive performance, which is of great significance for optimizing the properties of aluminized explosives. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.

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Effect of Al/O Ratio on the Detonation Performance and Underwater Explosion of HMX‐based Aluminized Explosives

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

Underwater Explosion Performance of RDX/AP-based Aluminized Explosives

Underwater Explosion Performance of RDX/AP-based Aluminized Explosives

Energetic Characteristics of HMX‐Based Explosives Containing LiH

Effects of the aluminum content on the shock wave pressure and the acceleration ability of RDX-based aluminized explosives

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