COREX is a promising alternative to blast furnace ironmaking. It includes two main reactors: a reduction shaft (RS) for the direct reduction of iron ore and a melter gasifier for the melting reduction of directly reduced iron. This work uses a two-dimensional slot model to investigate the gas-solid flow in the RS by a combined computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method approach. The three-dimensional flow of cohesive solids is then examined for three RS designs by the discrete element method. The effects of gas flow, the stickiness between particles, the rotational speed of screws, and different designs are depicted in terms of gas-solid flow pattern, overall bed pressure drop and solid flowrate. The results show that the effect of gas flow is insignificant on gas-solid flow pattern due to the small gas-solid interaction forces under the considered conditions. Solid flow varies in a complex manner with the rotational speed of screws and the sticking force, and a correlation is formulated for predicting the solid flowrate based on the simulated results. It is also shown that the effect of geometrical design on solid flow is complicated and significant. Caution should be taken for any changes in the design. The findings should be useful for the design, control and optimization of the RS operation.
The performance of detonation and underwater explosion (UNDEX) of a six-formula HMX-based aluminized explosive was examined by detonation and UNDEX experiments. The detonation pressures, detonation velocities, and detonation heat of HMX-based aluminized explosive were measured. The reliability between the experimental results and those calculated by an empirical formula and the KHT code was verfied. UNDEX experiments were carried out on the propagation of a shock wave and a bubble pulse of a 1 kg cylindrical HMX-based aluminized explosive under-water at a depth of 4.7 m. Based on the experimental results of the shock wave, the coefficients of similarity law equation for the peak pressure and attenuation time constant of shock wave were in acceptable agreement. The bubble motion during UNDEX was simulated using MSC.DYTRAN software, and the radiusÀtime curves of bubbles were determined. The effect of the aluminum/oxygen ratio on the performance of the detonation and UNDEX for an HMX-based aluminized explosive was discussed.
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