Effect of Aeration Modes and COD/N Ratios on Organic Matter and Nitrogen Removal in Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Mesocosms

Chen, Xin; Zhu, Huiling; Xu, Yingying; Shutes, Brian; Yan, Baixing; Zhou, Qingwei

doi:10.3390/w10111530

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…It is known that nitrification takes place in aerobic conditions and 1 kg nitrogen removal requires 4.5 kg of oxygen, while 1 kg BOD removal requires 1.2 kg of oxygen (Tchobanoglous and Burton 1991). Further, Chen et al (2018) observed that the nitrification process occurs when dissolved oxygen (DO) in wastewater is above 1.5 mg/L and de-nitrification takes place efficiently when DO is below 0.5 mg/L, but it is difficult to maintain these conditions naturally; hence, artificial aeration is suitable. According to Ye et al (2012), artificial aeration requirement is less in VFCW since 50% of the oxygen is provided by atmospheric oxygen.…”

Section: Intermittent Aeration/artificial Aerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on effective design processes of constructed wetlands

Shukla

Parde

Gupta

et al. 2021

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Decentralized wastewater treatment has become inevitable as conventional wastewater treatment plants involve huge construction and maintenance costs. One of the most popularly used decentralized wastewater treatments is constructed wetlands. Constructed wetlands are a cost-effective and sustainable treatment method for domestic and industrial wastewater. Over the years, there has been a lot of improvement in the design and process approaches of constructed wetlands. This review paper aims to find the impacts of design processes like artificial aeration, design and flow pattern, effluent recirculation, substrate media, vegetation, and C/N ratio on the treatment performance of constructed wetlands. Based on the review, it is found that intermittent aeration along with recirculation, hybrid constructed wetlands and baffled constructed wetlands are an effective way to remove ammonia and organics from wastewater. Phosphorous removal in constructed wetlands is highly dependent on substrates rather than wetland plants. Further, the paper discusses the future scopes and challenges in terms of improving the efficiency of constructed wetlands, reuse of industrial waste as substrate, solar energy based aeration, etc., to make constructed wetlands a sustainable wastewater treatment technology.

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Section: Intermittent Aeration/artificial Aerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on effective design processes of constructed wetlands

Shukla

Parde

Gupta

et al. 2021

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…The earliest full-scale and outdoor pilot-scale aerated treatment wetland systems received continuous (24 h/d) aeration [3,19,20,26,[49][50][51]. Many bench-scale and pilot-scale research studies have investigated the use of intermittent aeration [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. Intermittent aeration via windmill-powered air pumps has also been tested [66].…”

Section: Research Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Application, Design, and Operations & Maintenance of Aerated Treatment Wetlands

Nivala

Murphy²,

Freeman³

2020

Water

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This paper outlines recent advances in the design, application, and operations and maintenance (O&M) of aerated treatment wetland systems as well as current research trends. We provide the first-ever comprehensive estimate of the number and geographical distribution of aerated treatment wetlands worldwide and review new developments in aerated wetland design and application. This paper also presents and discusses first-hand experiences and challenges with the O&M of full-scale aerated treatment wetland systems, which is an important aspect that is currently not well reported in the literature. Knowledge gaps and suggestions for future research on aerated treatment wetlands are provided.

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“…The COD data, after treatment, fulfilled the regulations of the European Union for protection of water quality for discharge into lakes (COD; <125 mg/L). These results may be due to the greater presence of oxygen (Table 1) in systems with vegetation where the greatest COD reductions in CWs were presented after treatment [39]. The COD parameters indicate the ability to reduce oxygen present in receiving bodies of water and are the main parameters for measuring the content of organic matter in wastewater [40,41].…”

Section: Contaminants Concentration In Influents and Effluents From Cwsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ornamental Plant Density and Mineral/Plastic Media on the Removal of Domestic Wastewater Pollutants by Home Wetlands Technology

et al. 2020

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Wastewater treatment (WWT) is a priority around the world; conventional treatments are not widely used in rural areas owing to the high operating and maintenance costs. In Mexico, for instance, only 40% of wastewater is treated. One sustainable option for WWT is through the use of constructed wetlands (CWs) technology, which may remove pollutants using cells filled with porous material and vegetation that works as a natural filter. Knowing the optimal material and density of plants used per square meter in CWs would allow improving their WWT effect. In this study, the effect of material media (plastic/mineral) and plant density on the removal of organic/inorganic pollutants was evaluated. Low (three plants), medium (six plants) and high (nine plants) densities were compared in a surface area of 0.3 m2 of ornamental plants (Alpinia purpurata, Canna hybrids and Hedychium coronarium) used in polycultures at the mesocosm level of household wetlands, planted on the two different substrates. Regarding the removal of contaminants, no significant differences were found between substrates (p ≥ 0.05), indicating the use of plastic residues (reusable) is an economical option compared to typical mineral materials. However, differences (p = 0.001) in removal of pollutants were found between different plant densities. For both substrates, the high density planted CWs were able to remove COD in a range of 86–90%, PO4-P 22–33%, NH4-N in 84–90%, NO3-N 25–28% and NO2-N 38–42%. At medium density, removals of 79–81%, 26–32, 80–82%, 24–26%, and 39–41%, were observed, whereas in CWs with low density, the detected removals were 65–68%, 20–26%, 79–80%, 24–26% and 31–40%, respectively. These results revealed that higher COD and ammonia were removed at high plant density than at medium or low densities. Other pollutants were removed similarly in all plant densities (22–42%), indicating the necessity of hybrid CWs to increase the elimination of PO4-P, NO3-N and NO2-N. Moreover, high density favored 10 to 20% more the removal of pollutants than other plant densities. In addition, in cells with high density of plants and smaller planting distance, the development of new plant shoots was limited. Thus, it is suggested that the appropriate distance for this type of polyculture plants should be from 40 to 50 cm in expansion to real-scale systems in order to take advantage of the harvesting of species in these and allow species of greater foliage, favoring its growth and new shoots with the appropriate distance to compensate, in the short time, the removal of nutrients.

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Effect of Aeration Modes and COD/N Ratios on Organic Matter and Nitrogen Removal in Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Mesocosms

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

A review on effective design processes of constructed wetlands

A review on effective design processes of constructed wetlands

Recent Advances in the Application, Design, and Operations & Maintenance of Aerated Treatment Wetlands

Effects of Ornamental Plant Density and Mineral/Plastic Media on the Removal of Domestic Wastewater Pollutants by Home Wetlands Technology

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