“…MDMA abuse has been documented as a result of chronic consumption (Cottler et al, 2001;Leung et al, 2010), and some ecstasy users admit becoming concerned about their use (Degenhardt et al, 2010). MDMA is self-administered by different species of experimental animals (for a review, see Schenk, 2009) and produces conditioned place preference (CPP) (Bilsky et al, 1998;Bilsky and Reid, 1991;Braida et al, 2005;Daza-Losada et al, 2007, 2009Manzanedo et al, 2010;Rodríguez-Arias et al, 2010). Dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) are involved in the rewarding effects of MDMA; the drug provokes the release of presynaptic 5-HT and, to a lesser extent, noreprinephrine and DA (Schmidt et al, 1987).…”