Effect of addition of nano-hydroxyapatite on physico-chemical and antibiofilm properties of calcium silicate cements

Abstract

Objective Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is a calcium silicate cement composed of Portland cement (PC) and bismuth oxide. Hydroxyapatite has been incorporated to enhance mechanical and biological properties of dental materials. This study evaluated physicochemical and mechanical properties and antibiofilm activity of MTA and PC associated with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAn).Material and Methods White MTA (Angelus, Brazil); PC (70%)+ZrO2 (30%); PC (60%)+ZrO2 (30%)+HAn (10%); PC (50%)+ZrO2 (30%)+HAn (20%) were evaluated. The pH was assessed by a digital pH-meter and solubility by mass loss. Setting time was evaluated by using Gilmore needles. Compressive strength was analyzed by mechanical test. Samples were radiographed alongside an aluminum step wedge to evaluate radiopacity. For the antibiofilm evaluation, materials were placed in direct contact with E. faecalis biofilm induced on dentine blocks. The number of colony-forming units (CFU mL-1) in the remaining biolfilm was evaluated. The results were submitted to ANOVA and the Tukey test, with 5% significance.Results There was no difference in pH levels of PC+ZrO2, PC+ZrO2+HAn (10%) and PC+ZrO2+HAn (20%) (p>0.05) and these cements presented higher pH levels than MTA (p<0.05). The highest solubility was observed in PC+ZrO2+HAn (10%) and PC+ZrO2+HAn (20%) (p<0.05). MTA had the shortest initial setting time (p<0.05). All the materials showed radiopacity higher than 3 mmAl. PC+ZrO2 and MTA had the highest compressive strength (p<0.05). Materials did not completely neutralize the bacterial biofilm, but the association with HAn provided greater bacterial reduction than MTA and PC+ZrO2 (p<0.05) after the post-manipulation period of 2 days.Conclusions The addition of HAn to PC associated with ZrO2 harmed the compressive strength and solubility. On the other hand, HAn did not change the pH and the initial setting time, but improved the radiopacity (HAn 10%), the final setting time and the E. faecalis antibiofilm activity of the cement.

Evaluation of physicochemical properties of root-end filling materials using conventional and Micro-CT tests

“…This may be related to its hydration reaction 10 . The solubilization of the material observed after 30 days most likely occurred because the bismuth oxide used as a radiopacifier increased the porosity of the material, thus also increasing its solubility, as reported in previous studies 5 , 11 , 16 . However, in the volumetric change test after 7 and 30 days, MTA showed some alteration.…”

Development and evaluation of reparative tricalcium silicate‐ZrO2‐Biosilicate composites

“…All the materials were effective against E. faecalis . These findings are in agreement with previous studies that observed antimicrobial activity for Portland cement associated with ZrO 2, 7,8 and for Biodentine 44 . Although all the cements evaluated presented antibacterial activity, only Biodentine and the association of 20% Biosilicate to TCS with ZrO 2 were able to completely eliminate the number of bacteria.…”

“…Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fossés, France) is a calcium silicate‐based material with ZrO 2 as radiopacifier, and clinical applications similar to mineral trioxide aggregate 5,6 . Different components such as hydroxyapatite or silver nanoparticles have been associated with calcium silicate cements to improve their antimicrobial and biological properties 7,8 . However, these additives impair some of the physical and mechanical properties of cements.…”

Investigation of the radiopacity and cytotoxicity of albodent - novel strontium carbonate incorporated calcium silicate based dental cement

“…Their mechanical properties and in vivo safety, after both acute and sub-chronic administration, are documented previously [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. These materials have shown satisfactory setting time, increased pH value, adequate biocompatibility and enhanced neutralization of the bacterial biofilm [20,21]. It was confirmed that CS enriched with nHA was associated with YbF 3 as radiopacifiers leading to adequate physicochemical and biological characteristics [9,19].…”