Effect of abomasal carbohydrates and live yeast on measures of postruminal fermentation1

Abstract

Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of abomasal carbohydrate infusion on nutrient digestibility and fecal measures. In Exp. 1, 5 Holstein steers were assigned to a Latin square with 1-wk periods and were abomasally infused on a single day at the end of each period with water alone, a single pulse dose of water with 1 g/kg BW oligofructose or cornstarch, or 4 pulse doses of water with 0.25 g/kg BW oligofructose or cornstarch administered every 6 h. Total tract nutrient digestibility was not affected by treatment except for a tendency for a decrease in starch digestibility in response to the 1 g/kg BW dose of cornstarch ( < 0.10). Compared with the control, both oligofructose and starch infusions caused similar decreases in fecal pH ( < 0.05) and increases in fecal short-chain fatty acids ( ≤ 0.01) measured 12 h after the first infusion, with the single 1 g/kg BW infusions causing a greater magnitude of pH change compared with the four 0.25-g/kg BW infusions ( < 0.01). All treatments increased concentration of fecal lipopolysaccharide compared with the control for at least 1 time point following the infusion ( < 0.05), with a greater increase observed for the 0.25 g/kg BW infusions of oligofructose compared with the other treatments ( < 0.05). Results of Exp. 1 indicate that both oligofructose and cornstarch infusions increased carbohydrate fermentation in the intestines and can be used as a method to evaluate the impact of excessive intestinal fermentation on intestinal health. In Exp. 2, 6 Holstein steers received abomasal pulse doses of 0 (control) or 10 g/d live var. (SB) according to a crossover design with 18-d periods. Abomasal infusions of 4 pulse doses of 0.25 g/kg BW oligofructose administered every 6 h were conducted on d 16 of each period. During the baseline period prior to the oligofructose challenge, there were no effects of SB on fecal measures except for an increase in apparent total tract NDF digestibility ( < 0.05), suggesting that SB increased intestinal fiber fermentation. During the oligofructose challenge, SB increased fecal score ( = 0.03) and tended to reduce fecal short-chain fatty acids ( = 0.10). Results of Exp. 2 suggest that abomasal SB modestly stabilized the intestinal environment during increased carbohydrate fermentation.

Effects of calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide and encapsulated sodium bicarbonate on measures of post‐ruminal fermentation

“…Throughout the experiment, all cows were abomasally infused with 1 g/kg body weight per day of cornstarch (Ingredion), administered as twice‐daily infusions of 0.5 g/kg body weight at the time of feeding. The purpose of the infusion was to increase post‐ruminal starch flow and large intestinal starch fermentation, and the dose was based on our previous finding that 1 g/kg body weight of abomasal cornstarch decreased faecal pH and increased faecal VFA in steers (Gressley et al, ). At each infusion time, infusions were prepared by vigorously mixing cornstarch with 1.5 L tap water and then delivered into the abomasal infusion line using a veterinary stomach pump (Nasco).…”

“…The endotoxin concentration of faecal samples was determined using a commercial chromogenic endpoint amebocyte lysate kit according to manufacturer instructions (Pierce LAL Chromogenic Endotoxin Quantification Kit, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Samples were prepared as described by Gressley et al (). Briefly, faecal samples were thawed and centrifuged, a portion of faecal liquid was pipetted into LPS‐free water (Lonza), the sample was passed through a 0.2 µm filter, heated to 100°C for 30 min and then stored at −20°C until the assay was conducted.…”

Comparative Network Pharmacology Analysis of Classical TCM Prescriptions for Chronic Liver Disease

“…Then, four intestinal segments (the duodenum, upper jejunum, bottom jejunum, and ileum) were excised, flushed several times with saline solution at room temperature, and then placed immediately into oxygenated buffer solution at 37°C. Intestine segments from four rats were divided into four groups treated with astragalosides without or with kaempferol at three different concentrations (1, 3, 10M) using a 4 × 4 Latin square design (Gressley et al, 2016).…”