Effect of a test dentifrice containing nano-sized calcium carbonate on remineralization of enamel lesions in vitro

Abstract

The efficacy of a test dentifrice containing nano-sized (several tens to hundreds of nm) calcium carbonate (hereafter NC) on enamel lesion remineralization was studied in an in vitro system that employed collagen-coated wells for cell culture, as a model of oral surfaces for NC retention. The well surfaces were treated with the test dentifrice and briefly rinsed with distilled water. Thin sections of enamel with artificial subsurface demineralization were remineralized in the plate wells containing remineralizing solution. The dentifrice treatment was repeated twice a day (in the morning and evening) for 20 days. After remineralization, microradiographic analysis was performed to evaluate the rate of lesion remineralization on the sections. The test dentifrice showed a statistically significant mineral gain (48.8% decrease in DeltaZ % x microm from the baseline value), indicating lesion remineralization, whereas the placebo dentifrice without NC did not. An elevated Ca concentration in the remineralizing solution was also observed after a single treatment with the test dentifrice. We conclude that the test dentifrice has potential to remineralize incipient enamel lesions due to the unique properties of NC, which is retained on oral surfaces, thereafter releasing Ca ions into oral fluids (saliva, plaque).

Effect of Delaying Toothbrushing During Bleaching on Enamel Surface Roughness: An In Vitro Study

“…According to some studies, artificial saliva can mimic oral saliva in vitro and plays a role in remineralization. 16 Considering the results of the present study, if teeth have the opportunity to be in contact with artificial saliva after bleaching and before toothbrushing, surface roughness will be comparable to that of the control group. It is likely that precipitation of minerals present in the artificial saliva on tooth surfaces can play a role in decreasing the surface roughness of bleached enamel 18 ; however, further studies are necessary to evaluate the effects of different storage environments, such as artificial saliva and plain water, on changes in surface roughness of bleached enamel.…”

“…The composition of the artificial saliva was as follows: 1.0 mM CaCl 2 , 3.0 mM KH 2 PO 4 , and 100 mM NaCl; the pH value was 6.30 and was adjusted with NaOH solution. 16 After the daily bleaching procedure, the specimens were rinsed with deionized distilled water for five seconds. Then the subsequent steps for each group were carried out as follows.…”

Roles of Nanotechnological Approaches in Periodontal Disease Therapy

“…Therefore, its applications as bone implant are being extensively investigated in a different variety of forms (Vandiver et al, 2005). Study conducted by Nakashima et al (2009) showed that there is 48.8% improvement on the remineralization of artificially produced subsurface enamel lesions when the nanosized calcium carbonate particles were incorporated in dentifrices. Furthermore, nanocarbonate apatite has proven to be very efficacious desensitizing dentifrice when compared with the conventional agents (Lee et al, 2008).…”

“…Studies showed that nanoparticles of silver imparted high antibacterial activity on dental resins, which significantly reduces building-up of biofilm as well as lactic acid production by the oral bacteria without interfering with the resins' mechanical and physical properties (Cheng et al, 2015). In one investigation, carbonate hydroxyl apatite nanoparticles have been found to be highly effective in repairing some tooth defects (micrometer-sized) in vitro (Cheng et al, 2015), and some of its nanocrystals were incorporated in dentifrices like mouthwash solutions and toothpaste and used as commercial products (Lei et al, 2016;Nakashima et al, 2009).…”

The Biomimetic Approach to Design Apatites for Nanobiotechnological Applications

“…However, the 5-10 day in vitro study had neglected the conditions of the oral cavity. In another in vitro study, nano-sized amorphous calcium carbonate particles that were applied twice a day for a period of 20 days promoted remineralization of artificial white-spot enamel lesions (Nakashima et al, 2009). Reconstitution and remineralization of dentin using nano-sized bioactive glass particles and beta-tricalcium phosphate was also tested in vitro, however, the mechanical properties of original dentin could not be reproduced (Shibata et al, 2008;Vollenweider et al, 2007).…”