Effect of a diet lacking in vitamin and mineral supplements on growth and survival of Penaeus monodon juveniles in a modified extensive culture system

Triño, Avelino T.; Sarroza, J. C.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(95)01063-7

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…It has been reported that penaeids raised in ponds may be able to meet their mineral requirements entirely from the intake of natural food organisms (Trino et al 1992;Trino & Sarroza 1995). Davis and Gatlin (1996) suggested that a complete mineral premix may not be needed for some culture organisms under certain culture conditions because practical diets normally contain a considerable amount of endogenous minerals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, feed manufactures add vitamin and mineral pre-mix supplements based on requirements for other crustacean species. The exclusion of vitamin and mineral supplements on other crustacean species has been conducted where natural food organisms were available (Trino, Penaflorida & Bolivar 1992;Trino & Sarroza 1995;Trino, Millamena & Keenan 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects on growth, survival, body composition, processing traits and water quality when feeding a diet without vitamin and mineral supplements to Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) grown in ponds

et al. 2014

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To be profitable, producers must reduce diet costs, which can be as high as 80% of the variable costs of an aquaculture expense. As vitamin and mineral premixes represent a significant cost, eliminating addition of these premixes could reduce diet costs if no adverse effects were observed for growth and production parameters. A 105-day feeding trial was conducted with juvenile Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) to evaluate the effects of growth, survival, body composition, processing traits and water quality when red claw were fed a supplemental diet containing 28% crude protein (CP) without vitamin and mineral premixes (and supplemented alfalfa hay) compared with red claw fed a diet (control diet) containing 42% CP, vitamin and mineral premixes, and with supplemented alfalfa hay, and compared with red claw only fed alfalfa hay when grown in ponds. Juvenile red claw (mean weight of 15.7 AE 1.0 g) were randomly stocked into nine 0.02-ha ponds at a rate of 640 per pond (3.2 per m 2 ), and each treatment was used in three ponds. There were two feedings per day, each consisting of one-half of the total daily ration. At harvest, individual weight, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate, survival and total yield of red claw fed a control diet was significantly higher (P < 0.05) (83.0 g, 398%, 1.53% day À1 , 65.1%,and 1708 kg ha À1 respectively) compared with red claw only fed alfalfa hay (44.9 g, 202%, 1.04% day À1 , 30.3% and 431 kg ha À1 , respectively), but not different (P > 0.05) from red claw fed the supplemental diet without vitamin and mineral premixes (76.2 g, 367%, 1.47% day À1 , 57.2% and 1378 kg ha À1 ). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in feed conversion ratio (FCR) among treatments, which averaged 5.0 (based on prepared diet input). These results indicate that vitamin and mineral supplementation in a diet is not necessary when diet containing 28% CP and alfalfa hay are used in combination for pond grown red claw. These results may help reduce diet costs and possibly increase producers' profits which might allow for industry expansion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on growth, survival, body composition, processing traits and water quality when feeding a diet without vitamin and mineral supplements to Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) grown in ponds

et al. 2014

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“…reared within semi-extensive ponds by reducing dietary protein levels (to a minimum of 300 g crude protein kg-') and reducing dietary phosphorus and vitamin levels with no loss in growth or shrimp performance; shrimp production and FCR averaged 2.1 metric tonnes (t) ha-' /cycle-' and 1.55 at a stocking density of 10 m-2, and 3.5 t ha-' cycle-' and 1.59 at a stocking density of 15 m-, , respectively. Trino & Sarroza (1994) reported no difference in the growth, survival or apparent food conversion efficiency of shrimp (f. monodon; stocking density 7.5 m-*, initial body weight 6 mg) reared within a modified extensive pond-based culture system and fed a high-quality shrimp pellet (400420 g crude protein kg-', 70-90 g lipid kg-') with or without a dietary vitaminlmineral premix over a 120-day rearing cycle. The dietary vitamin and mineral supplements were reported t o represent 20-30% of total shrimp feed ingredient costs.…”

Section: Existing Application Difficulties In Crustacean Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional studies in crustaceans and the problems of applying research findings to practical farming systems

Tacon

1996

Aquaculture Nutrition

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Methodological approaches for undertaking research on the dietary nutrient requirements of farmed crustaceans should ensure that the studies are designed and conducted in such a manner that the ensuing results can be applied under practical farming conditions. Sadly, the majority of studies to date have had little practical applicability, the bulk of nutrient‐requirement studies having been conducted under controlled, artificial, laboratory conditions. Despite the fact that the giant tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius), the whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei Boone) and the fleshy prawn (Penaeus chinensis Osbeck) are the three most‐cultivated crustacean species in the world (total aqua‐culture production of these crustacean species in 1993 totalled 625487 metric tonnes or 66.9% of the total world farmed crustacean production), little or no information exists concerning their dietary nutrient requirements under practical semi‐intensive pond‐farming conditions (where the bulk of the production is currently realized). To a large extent this has been due to the apparent reluctance of the conventional laboratory‐based crustacean nutritionist to also work under field conditions and the difficulty of quantifying the contribution of natural food organ‐isms in the overall nutritional budget of pond‐raised crustaceans. If meaningful conclusions are to be drawn from nutrient requirement studies and dietary feeding trials, it is essential that the experimental animals be reared under conditions mimicking as far as possible those of the intended farm production unit and environment, including holding facility (indoor or outdoor tank, cage or pond), feed preparation technique (grinding, pelleting, drying; diet texture, form, shape, size, buoyancy and water stability), feeding method (hand, demand or automatic feeding; feeding frequency and feeding rate–fixed or satiation feeding; day or night‐time feeding), water quality (temperature, turbidity, salinity, oxygen and mineral concentration; water exchange rate, water circulation pattern and artificial aeration), photoperiod (artificial or natural) and crustacean stocking density. Finally, but not least, it is essential that the growth performance of the experimental animals be at least equal to or greater than that of the target crustacean species under practical farming conditions if realistic conclusions are to be drawn, and it is necessary that dietary nutrient requirements can be ascertained under conditions of maximum attainable growth.

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“…Essential fatty acids are also constituted an important part of the diet of penaeid. Similarly, vitamins like ascorbic acid, choline, inositol, riboflavin, thiamins and mineral are also important ingredients for the diet of juveniles (Trino and Sarroza, 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pati¹,

Sumedha²,

Chatterji³

et al. 2016

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The efficiency of carbohydrate rich food was studied and compared with four different feeds on the juveniles of Penaeus monodon (Fabricius). The average food consumption of formulated feed rich in carbohydrates (Feed 2) showed minimum consumption (0.479 g dry weight), faecal production (0.061 g dry weight) and Food Conversion Ratio (0.471) as compared to protein rich Feed-1 where these values were maximum. The assimilation efficiency (86.78%) and average gross efficiency (198.47%) was higher in Feed-2 as compared to these values obtained for other feeds. Mean relative growth (14.29%) and asymptotic weight (300 g) was calculated maximum for Feed -2 whereas, it was minimum for Feed-1. The von Bertalanffy's growth equation fitted well to describe the growth pattern of the juveniles and represented as:Wt=180 [1-e -0016(t+3.75) ]

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Effect of a diet lacking in vitamin and mineral supplements on growth and survival of Penaeus monodon juveniles in a modified extensive culture system

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Effects on growth, survival, body composition, processing traits and water quality when feeding a diet without vitamin and mineral supplements to Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) grown in ponds

Effects on growth, survival, body composition, processing traits and water quality when feeding a diet without vitamin and mineral supplements to Australian red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) grown in ponds

Nutritional studies in crustaceans and the problems of applying research findings to practical farming systems

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