Effect of 12 Weeks High Oleic Peanut Consumption on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors and Body Composition

Abstract

Epidemiological evidence indicates an inverse association between nut consumption and obesity, inflammation, hyperlipidaemia and glucose intolerance. We investigated effects of high oleic peanut consumption vs. a nut free diet on adiposity and cardio-metabolic risk markers. In a randomised cross-over design, 61 healthy subjects (65 ± 7 years, body mass index (BMI) 31 ± 4 kg/m2) alternated either high oleic peanuts (15%–20% of energy) or a nut free diet for 12 weeks. Body composition and mass, waist circumference, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipids, glucose and insulin were assessed at baseline and after each phase. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared the two diets. Consistent with other nut studies, there were no differences in lipids, CRP, glucose and insulin with peanut consumption. In contrast, some reports have demonstrated benefits, likely due to differences in the study cohort. Energy intake was 10% higher (853 kJ, p < 0.05), following peanut consumption vs. control, attributed to a 30% increase in fat intake (p < 0.001), predominantly monounsaturated (increase 22 g, p < 0.05). Despite greater energy intake during the peanut phase, there were no differences in body composition, and less than predicted increase (0.5 kg) in body weight for this additional energy intake, possibly due to incomplete nutrient absorption and energy utilisation.

Effect of a 12-Week Almond-Enriched Diet on Biomarkers of Cognitive Performance, Mood, and Cardiometabolic Health in Older Overweight Adults

“…Body mass and percentage body fat were measured using calibrated electronic scales (Tanita Ultimate Scale 2000; Tokyo, Japan). Measures of height and waist circumference were assessed as described previously [40]. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using Quetelet's index: mass (kg)/height (m) 2 [41].…”

“…Fasting plasma insulin concentrations were determined by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) (Mercodia, Uppsala, Sweden). Reliability for these assays has been described previously [40]. The HOMA 2 online calculator was used to derive measures of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) and beta cell function (HOMA2-%B) from fasting glucose and insulin values [49].…”

Does Nut Consumption Reduce Mortality and/or Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease? An Updated Review Based on Meta-Analyses

“…Tindall et al, 2019 [9] found no effect of nut consumption on HbA1c (WMD 0.02%; 95% CI −0.01%, 0.04%; I 2 = 51.0%). Tindall et al, 2019 [9] observed significant reductions in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD −0.23; 95% CI −0.40, −0.06; I 2 = 51.7%) and fasting insulin (WMD −0.40 µIU/mL; 95% CI −0.73, −0.07 µIU/mL; I 2 = 49.4%) after nut consumption from meta-analyses of 19 RCTs [61,66,68,74,86,91,92,96,97,99,100,[103][104][105]107,109,110,114,117] and 28 RCTs [58,61,63,[66][67][68]74,86,[91][92][93][95][96][97][99][100][101][102][103][104][105]107,110,[112][113][114]...…”

Composition and variation of fatty acids among groundnut cultivars in Uganda

“…Saturated fatty acids are stable and have been associated with heart problems. Saturated fat also increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, the total cholesterol (TC) to HDL cholesterol ratio, a risk marker for Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) (Barbour et al, 2015).…”

“…Oleic acid (C18:1) has been associated with several human health benefits, including; decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), by reducing the levels of serum low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol; and maintaining the levels of highdensity lipoproteins (HDL), without causing significant weight gain (Barbour et al, 2015). MUFAs decrease plasma triglyceride levels in comparison with carbohydrates (KrisEtherton, 1999).…”