Efecto de un programa de paciente experto en insuficiencia cardiaca

Abstract

Introducción: Una estrategia que ha mostrado ser efectiva para promover el autocuidado en los pacientes con falla cardiaca es la formación de diadas y grupos que brinden apoyo de pares para favorecer el logro de metas individuales.Objetivo general: Determinar el efecto de un programa de paciente experto en falla cardiaca en los conocimientos relacionados con la adherencia al tratamiento y en la satisfacción. Método: Se realizó un estudio piloto descriptivo de corte transversal en pacientes con diagnósticos de falla cardiaca en una institución de cuarto nivel. El tamaño de la muestra correspondió a toda la población con los criterios de restricción (N: 20 sujetos). Se implementó un programa de paciente experto durante 6 meses y se midieron los desenlaces de nivel de conocimientos y satisfacción. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó un test de conocimientos sobre adherencia al tratamiento y una encuesta de satisfacción. La información se procesó a través del programa IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0, y se realizó un análisis descriptivo con distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: Más del 95% de los pacientes mostró mejoría significativa en el nivel de conocimientos y el 85% refirió el nivel de satisfacción global más alto (muy satisfechos), reflejado en la dimensión de fidelización y efectividad. Conclusiones: El programa del paciente experto en insuficiencia cardiaca se constituye en una intervención costo-efectiva que proporciona capacidades para ayudar a otros pacientes a adquirir autoconfianza y habilidades en el manejo de su condición de salud. Introduction: One of the strategies that has shown improvement in self-care for patients with heart failure is the formation of dyads and groups to provide peer support and achieve individual goals. General objective: To determine the effect of an expert patient program on heart failure related to the knowledge about adherence to treatment and satisfaction.Method: A sectional-descriptive pilot study was conducted in patients with heart failure diagnoses in a fourth-level institution. The sample size represents the entire population with the restriction criteria (N: 20 subjects). An expert patient program was implemented for 6 months and the measured outcomes were level of knowledge and satisfaction. Data was gathered from a knowledge test on adherence to treatment and a satisfaction poll. Information was processed with IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0. The distribution of absolute and relative frequencies was performed by descriptive analysis. Results: More than 95% of patients showed improvement in the level of knowledge and 85% reported a high global level of satisfaction (very satisfied), reflected in the dimension of loyalty and effectiveness. Conclusions: The expert patient in heart failure program is a cost-effective intervention, which provides capabilities to help other patients gain self-confidence and skills to manage their health condition.

Perspectives and Challenges for Implementing the Expert Patient Program: A Scoping Review

“…It is during formal education that health professionals and expert patients deepen theory and experience, in order to support the educational contribution to be conveyed to other apprentice patients. Therefore, it becomes necessary that these protagonists of the care self-management program be duly trained and qualified 7 .…”

“…A study carried out in the United States of America 13 indicates the commitment to the care self-management program as a Nursing mission; linked to this, there is evidence-based Nursing, in which technical and specific knowledge related to self-care is applied, adding itself to this context by complementing and supporting expert patients during the exchange of experience and tips on how to live with the disease in everyday life, shared in educational activities 7,28 .…”

“…One of these strategies is the Patient Expert Program, already consolidated in some countries such as Spain, which, in addition to improving people's experience and relationship with their health condition, aims at creating a support network among individuals who have common chronic characteristics, with similar conditions, in order to favor the achievement of individual or collective goals. Patients acquire a proactive and leadership role, and health professionals perform passive and observational activities 7 .…”

Perspectivas E Desafios Para Implementação Do Programa Paciente Experto: Revisão De Escopo

“…É durante a educação formal que os profissionais de saúde e os pacientes expertos fazem um aprofundamento teórico e de experiência, para subsidiar o aporte educacional a ser transmitido aos outros pacientes aprendizes. Por isso, faz-se necessário que esses protagonistas do programa de autogestão do cuidado sejam capacitados e qualificado 7 . O desenvolvimento de um curso em parceria com as organizações governamentais e comunitárias, de caráter formativo, com o intuito de capacitar pacientes leigos em expertos, foi realizado de maneira colaborativa e culminou na satisfação desse público, melhorando a autogestão das doenças crônicas, o estado de saúde e reduzindo as demandas dos serviços 17 .…”

“…Uma dessas estratégias é o Programa Paciente Experto, já consolidado em alguns países, como a Espanha, que visa, além de melhorar a experiência e a relação dos indivíduos com sua condição de saúde, criar uma rede de apoio entre pessoas que possuem características crônicas comuns, com condições semelhantes, para favorecer o alcance de metas individuais ou coletivas. Os pacientes adquirem um papel proativo e de liderança, e os profissionais de saúde exercem atividades passivas, de observação 7 .…”