Educational strategies used to improve the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of health care students and providers regarding implicit bias: An integrative review of the literature

Top 100 Cited Research of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in Education From 2012 to 2021

“…In addition to bibliometric studies, this research also uses literature review. The literature review aims to synthesize and obtain new perspectives, as well as determine the meaning and relationships between variables (Sabharwal & Miah, 2022;Kruse et al, 2022;Pablos et al, 2022).…”

Implicit Bias Toward Lesbian and Gay Persons Among Nursing Students: A Correlation Study

“…Most research has relied on self-report instruments (Ayhan et al, 2020). A frequently identified limitation of these instruments is the potential for results reflecting social desirability bias (Kruse et al, 2022). A growing body of evidence suggests that implicit bias has a significant role in the thoughts and behaviors of HCPs toward LG individuals (Sukhera et al, 2019), contributing to the barriers and related disparities experienced by this vulnerable population (Crandlemire, 2020).…”

“…Most participants were enrolled in RN-BSN programs (59 percent) and the first year of study (30 percent). It was expected that the length of program enrollment would influence implicit bias because of the academic experience (Kruse et al, 2022). It was further expected that students who were already nurses would hold a more neutral bias because of their professional experiences (Gopal et al, 2021).…”

“…Race was not a predictor in the current study; however, this intersection was significant in the early study by Boysen and Vogel (2008), which found a positive correlation between negative implicit bias toward African Americans and LG persons. Though implicit racial bias has been studied (Kruse et al, 2022), the intersection of race and implicit bias toward LG persons is understudied (Ogungbe et al, 2019).…”

“…Recognizing that bias contributes to decisions and actions toward LG persons, recommendations for nursing education are presented, and additional research is suggested. An inclusive academic environment that values difference and supports individual and institutional goals is imperative (Kruse et al, 2022). It is recommended that nursing faculty support such an environment by reflecting on their own biases and the potential influences these can have on their professional decisions and actions (Brown & Waller, 2022).…”