Ectopic pregnancy after assisted reproductive technology: what are the risk factors?

Abstract

Different hormonal milieu, the reproductive health characteristics of infertile women such as distorted tubal function, technical issues of IVF procedures, and the estimated embryo implantation potential are possible risk factors. How each factor contributes to the risk of occurring ectopic pregnancy after assisted reproductive technology is uncertain and needs further investigation.

Ectopic pregnancy after IVF in a patient with unilateral agenesis of the fallopian tube and ovary and with endometriosis: search of the literature for these associations

“…Although it is known that the incidence of ectopic pregnancy is higher in pregnancies after IVF (from 2.1 % to 8.6 %) [14,15], the incidence in cases of unilateral absence of ovary and tube it is not known. A couple of interesting, but unproven, hypotheses could explain the ectopic pregnancy of this case, either as associated with the presence of endometriosis causing abnormal tubal ciliary function [16,17], or the agenesis of one fallopian tube could be correlated with the inefficiency of the other as well [2,4,12,18].…”

Heterochronic bilateral ectopic pregnancy after ovulation induction

“…The discussion on whether ART is a risk factor of ectopic pregnancy still continues. The risk of ectopic pregnancy associated with ART has been discussed in many studies (Clayton et al, 2006;Chang and Suh, 2010). Ectopic risk varies according to the reproductive health characteristics of women and the ART procedure type.…”

Ectopic Pregnancy and Acute Appendicitis During Intrauterin Pregnancy After in Vitro Fertilization

“…Экстракорпоральное оплодотворение с переносом эмбриона непосредственно в полость матки решает проблему непроходимости маточных труб, однако и после этой процедуры возможна миграция эмбриона и его имплантация в стенку маточной трубы [5,13], так внематочная беременность (ВБ) после ВРТ встречается в 1,76-8,95 %, превышая показатели в популяции [3,5,11,14,15]. Факторами риска ВБ после ВРТ является трубно-перитонеальное бесплодие, перенесённая хламидийная инфекция, аппендэктомия в анамнезе, курение, высокий уровень гормонов при стимуляции овуляции, множество созревающих ооцитов, обратная миграция эмбриона [5,11,13,14].…”

“…Описаны случаи внематочной беременности в интер-стициальном, истмическом отделе, культе маточной трубы при удалённых трубах [3]. Сочетание маточной и внематочной беременностей после ВРТ достаточно часто вовремя не диагностируются [2,3,15].…”