No abstract

PolySearch2 (http://polysearch.ca) is an online text-mining system for identifying relationships between biomedical entities such as human diseases, genes, SNPs, proteins, drugs, metabolites, toxins, metabolic pathways, organs, tissues, subcellular organelles, positive health effects, negative health effects, drug actions, Gene Ontology terms, MeSH terms, ICD-10 medical codes, biological taxonomies and chemical taxonomies. PolySearch2 supports a generalized ‘Given X, find all associated Ys’ query, where X and Y can be selected from the aforementioned biomedical entities. An example query might be: ‘Find all diseases associated with Bisphenol A’. To find its answers, PolySearch2 searches for associations against comprehensive collections of free-text collections, including local versions of MEDLINE abstracts, PubMed Central full-text articles, Wikipedia full-text articles and US Patent application abstracts. PolySearch2 also searches 14 widely used, text-rich biological databases such as UniProt, DrugBank and Human Metabolome Database to improve its accuracy and coverage. PolySearch2 maintains an extensive thesaurus of biological terms and exploits the latest search engine technology to rapidly retrieve relevant articles and databases records. PolySearch2 also generates, ranks and annotates associative candidates and present results with relevancy statistics and highlighted key sentences to facilitate user interpretation.

Imatinib and its analogues were successfully synthesized by an improved method in 19.5-46.2% total yield of six main steps. Pyrimidinyl amine was prepared by the reaction of enaminone and guanidine nitrate without the use of a toxic cyanamide. N-(2-Methyl-5-nitrophenyl)-4-(pyridin-3-yl) pyrimidin-2-amine as a key intermediate for the synthesis of imatinib was prepared by coppercatalyzed N-arylation of heteroarylamine in 82% yield. The copper salts were used instead of the expensive palladium compounds in this C-N bond-forming reaction. The intermediate nitro compound was reduced by a N 2 H 4 • H 2 O/FeCl 3 /C system using water as a solvent in good yield.

A critical challenge that hinders the application of perovskite materials is their instability toward water and light. Herein, we report lead-free bismuth halide perovskite nanocrystals encapsulated by the covalent organic frameworks (PNCs–COFs) via an in situ growth approach. The PNCs–COFs nanocomposites demonstrated good water processability that originates from the hydrophobic COFs shell. Furthermore, the COFs coating enables the formation of PNCs–COFs heterojunction, which facilitates the generation and transportation of photoinduced charge carriers. The PNCs–COFs were further applied as photocatalysts for free-radical polymerizations, photoactivating different coinitiators via both hole and electron transfer mechanisms in aqueous and organic phases. The excellent photocatalytic performance of PNCs–COFs was confirmed by high monomer conversion (up to 97.5%), diverse functional group tolerance and recyclability.