Economic Mobility and the Rise of the Latin American Middle Class

Ferreira, Francisco H. G.; Messina, Julián; Rigolini, Jamele; López‐Calva, Luis‐Felipe; Lugo, María Ana; Vakis, Renos

doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-9634-6

Cited by 285 publications

(349 citation statements)

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“…A little puzzling, but perhaps a reminder that mobility can be downward or upward. If as Luis Lopez Calva and colleagues suggest, moving into the $10/day middle class reduces downward mobility, this result makes senses: expanding the middle class reduces downward mobility while increasing the share of the bottom 40% increases upward mobility (see Birdsall et al, [21] or Ferreira et al [26] for more on LatAm's nascent middle class). Finally, the dynamic panel estimates reported in Table 3 exploit the relationship between exogenous terms of trade shocks 11 and social spending identified in the last two equations of Table 1, while also allowing for slower response of mobility to inequality changes over time.…”

Section: Estimation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality and Mobility: Gatsby in the Americas

Brahim¹,

McLeod²

2016

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We present evidence that the recent fall Latin America inequality has been associated with higher social mobility across countries and over time. This correlation refers to what Alan Krueger and his CEA staff labeled the Great Gatsby Curve, but this is one of the first papers to test the Gatsby correlation over time. Our search for Gatsby curve correlates starts with classic mobility models where high Mincer coefficients and skilled wage-premia enhance wealthier parents' ability to impart advantage to their children. We also refer to Gary Solon and others' updates of their model to emphasize the potential of social policy to assist low-income children. Using Andersen's education mobility measure for teens over a panel of sixteen Latin American economies we test the robustness and correlates of mobility and inequality. We find higher social expenditure, access to credit and particularly conditional cash transfers increase mobility as do falling skill-premia and lower returns to female education. More important, Latin American social policy designed to reduce poverty and inequality in the short run also increased education enrollments and therefore social mobility over the longer term. Hence we find falling inequality is associated with rising social mobility over twenty plus years and across sixteen Latin American countries, as the Great Gatsby curve suggests.

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Section: Estimation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequality and Mobility: Gatsby in the Americas

Brahim¹,

McLeod²

2016

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“…It is good practice for the frequency of recertification to reflect the dynamics of poverty among program beneficiaries; therefore, based on evidence presented in the literature (Stampini et al, 2016b;Vakis, Rigolini and Lucchetti, 2015;Ferreira et al, 2013), recertification should be performed more frequently where CCTs have expanded to cover the moderately poor and in urban areas. For example, Panama's Ministry of Social Development recently established recertification periods of three years for the moderately poor and five years for the extreme poor.…”

Section: ) the Bolsa Família Program Conditionalities System (Sicon)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ibarrarán¹,

Medellín²,

Regalía³

et al. 2017

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work is licensed under a Creative Commons IGO 3.0 AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC-IGO BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/legalcode) and may be reproduced with attribution to the IDB and for any non-commercial purpose. No derivative work is allowed.Any dispute related to the use of the works of the IDB that cannot be settled amicably shall be submitted to arbitration pursuant to the UNCITRAL rules. The use of the IDB's name for any purpose other than for attribution, and the use of IDB's logo shall be subject to a separate written license agreement between the IDB and the user and is not authorized as part of this CC-IGO license.

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“…Os resultados sugerem que a via do empreendedorismo poderia, eventualmente, ajudar na democratização de uma sociedade, reduzindo suas distorções, na linha comentada por Friedman (1962). Isso seria particularmente importante no Brasil, país caracterizado por elevado nível de desigualdade de renda (Skekely et al 2000), convivendo com certa rigidez nos processos de mobilidade social intergeracional (Ferreira et al, 2012;Figueiredo, 2010), em que pesem avanços recentes nesse campo.…”

Section: Considerações Finaisunclassified

Empreendedorismo, marginalidade e estratificação social

Vale

2014

Rev. adm. empres.

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Economic Mobility and the Rise of the Latin American Middle Class

Cited by 285 publications

References 0 publications

Inequality and Mobility: Gatsby in the Americas

Inequality and Mobility: Gatsby in the Americas

How conditional cash transfers work

Empreendedorismo, marginalidade e estratificação social

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