Economic Inequality, Poverty, and Social Exclusion

Nolan, Brian; Marx, Ive

doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199606061.013.0013

Cited by 79 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This is arguably one of the more robust findings of comparative poverty research over the past decades (Atkinson, Rainwater and Smeeding, 1995;Ferrarini and Nelson, 2003;Gottschalk and Smeeding, 1997;2000;Nolan and Marx, 2009;Pestieau, 2006;Kenworthy, 2004;Kraus, 2004;OECD, 2008;Immervoll and Richardson, 2012). Notable in these analyses was that no advanced economy achieved a low level of inequality and/or relative income poverty with a low level of social spending, regardless of how well that country performed on other dimensions that matter for poverty, notably employment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The Welfare State and Antipoverty Policy in Rich Countries

Marx

Nolan²,

Olivera

2015

Handbook of Income Distribution

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The Welfare State and Antipoverty Policy in Rich Countries

Marx

Nolan²,

Olivera

2015

Handbook of Income Distribution

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“…Nolan and Whelan, 2007;Sen, 1992;UNDP, 2011;World Bank, 2000). In fact, each can be understood to be a dimension of the other, such that we find that an equityfocused analysis can shed new light on efforts both to alleviate poverty and to protect the interests of the poor and marginalised in pursuit of other goals.…”

Section: Equity and Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining equity: A multidimensional framework for assessing equity in payments for ecosystem services

McDermott

Mahanty

Schreckenberg

2013

Environmental Science & Policy

462

459

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Concern over social equity dominates current debates about payments for ecosystem services and reduced deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+). Yet, despite the apprehension that these initiatives may undermine equity, the term is generally left undefined. This paper presents a systematic framework for the analysis of equity that can be used to examine how local equity is affected as the global value of ecosystem services changes. Our framework identifies three dimensions that form the content (the what) of equity. The first, distributive equity, addresses the distribution of benefits and costs. The second, procedural equity, refers to decision-making. These are linked by the third dimension, contextual equity, which incorporates the pre-existing conditions that limit or facilitate people's access to decision-making procedures, resources and, thereby, benefits.The framework then asks how these dimensions are shaped by the scale and target group of concern (who), the framing of goals with respect to equity (why), and, crucially, how the decisions about the content, target and aims of equity are taken. By spurring debate around the fundamental ethical values at stake, this framework can guide analysts, policymakers and planners towards more open and inclusive processes for defining equity, along with affirmative efforts to engage marginalised people.

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“…In a 16 country study Mitra et al (forthcoming) find that disability is not significantly associated with consumption poverty in most countries, but is significantly associated with multidimensional poverty (using different functional forms and thresholds for multidimensional poverty measures) (see also Kuklys 2005, Zaidi andBurchardt 2005). And in the European context, Nolan and Marx (2009) conclude that the multidimensionality of poverty generally requires multiple variables: Both national and cross-country studies suggest that the numbers experiencing high levels of deprivation across a number of dimensions are often quite modest and that low income alone is not enough to predict who is experiencing different types of deprivation: poor housing, neighborhood deprivation, poor health and access to health services, and low education are clearly related to low income but are distinct aspects of social exclusion.…”

Section: Multidimensional Povertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional Poverty and Its Discontents

Alkire

2011

SSRN Journal

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More data on non-income dimensions of poverty are available than at any previous time in history. Alongside this, multidimensional measurement methodologies have advanced considerably in the past fifteen years. These advances together have created new possibilities to measure multidimensional poverty at the local, national and international level. Yet the fact that overall measures can be constructed does not mean that they will necessarily add value. This paper focuses on the question of when, how and why certain multidimensional poverty measures add value, sketches the limits of the contribution, and introduces a set of standing questions. The key value-added of a rigorously implemented multidimensional poverty index is that it conveys additional information not captured in single-dimensional measures (or in a dashboard) on the joint distribution of disadvantage and the composition of poverty. It also provides a consistent account of the overall change in multidimensional poverty across time and space. The paper discusses the joint distribution approach to multidimensional poverty measurement and presents one class of poverty measures within this approach. It then introduces one recently implemented measure within this family: the 104-country Multidimensional Poverty Index 2010 and uses concrete examples to explain its construction further. For example, without weights one can only identify the multidimensionally poor by the union or the intersection approaches; by these approaches the 2010 MPI would have identified an average of 58% or 0% of people across the 104 countries as poor. It also shows how to 'unfold' the MPI by sub-group or dimension, and also by intensity -because similar 'intensities' of poverty can conceal different distributions of intensity among the poor. Pointing out the added value of multidimensional poverty indexes is not to suggest that single-dimensional measures be abandoned but rather supplemented. Investing further in multidimensional measures has the potential to generate significant advances in understanding and useful policy tools.

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Economic Inequality, Poverty, and Social Exclusion

Cited by 79 publications

References 29 publications

The Welfare State and Antipoverty Policy in Rich Countries

The Welfare State and Antipoverty Policy in Rich Countries

Examining equity: A multidimensional framework for assessing equity in payments for ecosystem services

Multidimensional Poverty and Its Discontents

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