Economic Evaluation of Cardio inCode®, a Clinical-Genetic Function for Coronary Heart Disease Risk Assessment

Arellano, André R.; Coca, António; Figuera, Mariano de la; Rubio-Terrés, Carlos; Rubio-Rodríguez, Darío; Gracia, Alfredo; Boldeanu, A.; Puig-Gilberte, J.; Salas, Eduardo

doi:10.1007/s40258-013-0053-x

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…There are some profound examples, especially in inflammatory/immune diseases and tumors, which have acquired highly variable levels of success in clinical practice. These include, but are not limited to, models for coeliac disease, age-related macular degeneration, breast cancer, and coronary heart disease [ 24 – 27 ]. Due to limited genetic findings, only a few risk models are available for the prediction of infectious diseases based on genetic variants and/or clinical factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of leprosy in the Chinese population based on a weighted genetic risk score

Wang

et al. 2018

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Genome wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed multiple genetic variants associated with leprosy in the Chinese population. The aim of our study was to utilize the genetic variants to construct a risk prediction model through a weighted genetic risk score (GRS) in a Chinese set and to further assess the performance of the model in identifying higher-risk contact individuals in an independent set. The highest prediction accuracy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.743 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.729–0.757), was achieved with a GRS encompassing 25 GWAS variants in a discovery set that included 2,144 people affected by leprosy and 2,671 controls. Individuals in the high-risk group, based on genetic factors (GRS > 28.06), have a 24.65 higher odds ratio (OR) for developing leprosy relative to those in the low-risk group (GRS≤18.17). The model was then applied to a validation set consisting of 1,385 people affected by leprosy and 7,541 individuals in contact with leprosy, which yielded a discriminatory ability with an AUC of 0.707 (95% CI: 0.691–0.723). When a GRS cut-off value of 22.38 was selected with the optimal sensitivity and specificity, it was found that 39.31% of high risk contact individuals should be screened in order to detect leprosy in 64.9% of those people affected by leprosy. In summary, we developed and validated a risk model for the prediction of leprosy that showed good discrimination capabilities, which may help physicians in the identification of patients coming into contact with leprosy and are at a higher-risk of developing this condition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of leprosy in the Chinese population based on a weighted genetic risk score

Wang

et al. 2018

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…In the Netherlands, official data on costs for lung cancer, CHD, stroke and COPD were available 23. Costs of smoking‐related diseases were obtained from the literature in Germany 24, 25, 26, 27 and Spain 28, 29, 30, 31, 32. Further details are found in country‐specific technical annexes 16, 17, 18, 19, 20.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of costs for modelling return on investment from smoking cessation interventions

Trapero-Bertran

Leidl²,

Muñoz

et al. 2018

Addiction

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Background and aimsModelling return on investment (ROI) from smoking cessation interventions requires estimates of their costs and benefits. This paper describes a standardized method developed to source both economic costs of tobacco smoking and costs of implementing cessation interventions for a Europe‐wide ROI model [European study on Quantifying Utility of Investment in Protection from Tobacco model (EQUIPTMOD)].DesignFocused search of administrative and published data. A standardized checklist was developed in order to ensure consistency in methods of data collection.Setting and participantsAdult population (15+ years) in Hungary, Netherlands, Germany, Spain and England. For passive smoking‐related costs, child population (0–15 years) was also included.MeasurementsCosts of treating smoking‐attributable diseases; productivity losses due to smoking‐attributable absenteeism; and costs of implementing smoking cessation interventions.FindingsAnnual costs (per case) of treating smoking attributable lung cancer were between €5074 (Hungary) and €52 106 (Germany); coronary heart disease between €1521 (Spain) and €3955 (Netherlands); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease between €1280 (England) and €4199 (Spain); stroke between €1829 (Hungary) and €14 880 (Netherlands). Costs (per recipient) of smoking cessation medications were estimated to be: for standard duration of varenicline between €225 (England) and €465 (Hungary); for bupropion between €25 (Hungary) and €220 (Germany). Costs (per recipient) of providing behavioural support were also wide‐ranging: one‐to‐one behavioural support between €34 (Hungary) and €474 (Netherlands); and group‐based behavioural support between €12 (Hungary) and €257 (Germany). The costs (per recipient) of delivering brief physician advice were: €24 (England); €9 (Germany); €4 (Hungary); €33 (Netherlands); and €27 (Spain).ConclusionsCosts of treating smoking‐attributable diseases as well as the costs of implementing smoking cessation interventions vary substantially across Hungary, Netherlands, Germany, Spain and England. Estimates for the costs of these diseases and interventions can contribute to return on investment estimates in support of national or regional policy decisions.

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“…For each country, the annual health‐care costs for an individual with each of the diseases were estimated based on a systematic literature review 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55. Costs relate to prevalent cases of disease.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and application of an economic model (EQUIPTMOD) to assess the impact of smoking cessation

Coyle

Lester‐George

et al. 2017

Addiction

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Background and AimsAlthough clear benefits are associated with reducing smoking, there is increasing pressure on public health providers to justify investment in tobacco control measures. Decision‐makers need tools to assess the Return on Investment (ROI)/cost‐effectiveness of programmes. The EQUIPT project adapted an ROI tool for England to four European countries (Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and Hungary). EQUIPTMOD, the economic model at the core of the ROI tool, is designed to assess the efficiency of packages of smoking cessation interventions. The objective of this paper is to describe the methods for EQUIPTMOD and identify key outcomes associated with continued and cessation of smoking.MethodsEQUIPTMOD uses a Markov model to estimate life‐time costs, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and life years associated with a current and former smoker. It uses population data on smoking prevalence, disease prevalence, mortality and the impact of smoking combined with associated costs and utility effects of disease. To illustrate the tool's potential, costs, QALYs and life expectancy were estimated for the average current smoker for five countries based on the assumptions that they continue and that they cease smoking over the next 12 months. Costs and effects were discounted at country‐specific rates.ResultsFor illustration, over a life‐time horizon, not quitting smoking within the next 12 months in England will reduce life expectancy by 0.66, reduce QALYs by 1.09 and result in £4961 higher disease‐related health care costs than if the smoker ceased smoking in the next 12 months. For all age–sex categories, costs were lower and QALYs higher for those who quit smoking in the 12 months than those who continued.ConclusionsEQUIPTMOD facilitates assessment of the cost effectiveness of smoking cessation strategies. The demonstrated results indicate large potential benefits from smoking cessation at both an individual and population level.

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Economic Evaluation of Cardio inCode®, a Clinical-Genetic Function for Coronary Heart Disease Risk Assessment

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Prediction of leprosy in the Chinese population based on a weighted genetic risk score

Prediction of leprosy in the Chinese population based on a weighted genetic risk score

Estimates of costs for modelling return on investment from smoking cessation interventions

Development and application of an economic model (EQUIPTMOD) to assess the impact of smoking cessation

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