Economic analysis of wet waste-to-energy resources in the United States

Rethinking organic wastes bioconversion: Evaluating the potential of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (L.)) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) (BSF)

“…Life cycle cost analysis based on small-scale production has shown that labor accounts for 30-65% of the total operating cost (Joly and Nikiema, 2019), and labor and substrate acquisition account for about 90% of total cost of BSF-derived animal feed production (Roffeis et al, 2018). However, substrates, such as animal manure, food wastes, and sewage sludge, have negative values as the generators of such wastes must pay discharge fee (i.e., tipping fees) (Badgett et al, 2019;Yazan et al, 2018). Additionally, national, and/or local governments may provide incentives (including fiscal) for minimizing waste generation and/or managing wastes properly (Matheson, 2019).…”

Elucidating the role of reactive nitrogen intermediates in hetero-cyclization during hydrothermal liquefaction of food waste

“…Use of waste feedstocks is economically and environmentally friendly due to low, potentially negative, cost and because the energy content of these feeds would otherwise not be used productively. 12,14,15 Unfortunately, the heteroatom content of waste feeds, especially nitrogen, reduces biocrude quality and possibly yields. 12,14,15…”

Performance-advantaged ether diesel bioblendstock production by a priori design

“…To further reduce feedstock and associated capital costs, ongoing research is evaluating the potential of wet waste for the production of volatile fatty acids compatible with existing anaerobic digestion infrastructure that can undergo a similar catalytic upgrading route (19,88,89). Wet waste holds promise due to the large volumes produced, established collection infrastructure, and associated disposal fees that can help offset conversion costs (90). Recent analysis determined that US wet waste provides a potential energy equivalent to displace 18% of US diesel consumption (91).…”