Elucidating the role of reactive nitrogen intermediates in hetero-cyclization during hydrothermal liquefaction of food waste

LeClerc, Heather O.; Atwi, Rasha; Niles, Sydney F.; McKenna, Amy M.; Timko, Michaël T.; West, Richard H.; Teixeira, Andrew R.

doi:10.1039/d2gc01135b

Cited by 11 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Products were analyzed gravimetrically, by elemental composition, and by molecular composition using a combination of methods that have been described previously in the literature for similar applications. Analytical methods are described briefly here, with further details on characterization techniques found in previous papers 25,32,33 and the Supporting Information.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…previously. 25,31 Individual compounds were identified based on similarity with a built-in mass spectral database; 34 only compounds with matches >80% are reported here.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clearly, processes should be designed to take advantage of synergistic effects while mitigating the antagonistic effects. As shown by LeClerc et al 25 , understanding elementary reaction pathways of model compounds permits prediction of feed compositions which maximize biocrude yields. Applying a molecularly detailed pathway analysis strategy to the synergistic and antagonistic effects of co-HTL of realistic feeds is therefore a promising, yet under-developed area to maximize obtainable yields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Food waste typically contains 40 -60% carbon, primarily in starch, proteins, and especially lipids, and an ash content < 5%; green waste is composed primarily of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and its ash content can be greater than 10%. 25 Heteroatom content and speciation -specifically oxygen and nitrogen -are of utmost importance in determining the fate of biocrude and upgrading potential. 12,15,29 Here, food waste typically contains much more nitrogen than green waste, with most of the nitrogen content in organic forms associated with proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,15,29 Here, food waste typically contains much more nitrogen than green waste, with most of the nitrogen content in organic forms associated with proteins. 25 Oxygen in the dominant heteroatom present in green waste, arising from the glycosidic linkages and hydroxy and acetyl sidechains of cellulose and hemicellulose. 12,30 The presence of multiple, poorly defined types of chemicals in food waste and green waste opens a wide range of potential pathways for biocrude formation that must be understood for selection of optimized blending ratios in HTL feed streams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergent chemical behavior in mixed food and lignocellulosic green waste hydrothermal liquefaction

LeClerc

Page²,

Tompsett

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising strategy for conversion of energy-dense waste streams to fuels. Mixed-feed HTL aggregates multiple feed streams to achieve greater scales that capitalize on local resources, hence lowering costs. The potential for new pathways and products upon feedstock blending becomes a compounding level of complexity when unlocking emergent chemistries. Food and green waste streams were evaluated under HTL conditions (300 °C, 1 hr) to understand the effect of feed molecular composition on product distributions and mechanisms. Thousands of emergent chemical compounds were detected via FT-ICR MS, ultimately leading to the emergence of two dominant outcomes. First, the presence of small amounts of food waste into green waste results in substantial decarboxylation and subsequent polymerization to biocrude then chars. Second, in the other limit, small amounts of green waste promote capping of oxygenates into the biodiesel range, such as with the emergence of fatty acid methyl esters.

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Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…previously. 25,31 Individual compounds were identified based on similarity with a built-in mass spectral database; 34 only compounds with matches >80% are reported here.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Emergent chemical behavior in mixed food and lignocellulosic green waste hydrothermal liquefaction

LeClerc

Page²,

Tompsett

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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Hydrothermal liquefaction of composite household waste to biocrude: the effect of liquefaction solvents on product yield and quality

Vaishnavi,

Sathishkumar,

Gopinath

2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Suppressing the formation of N-heteroaromatics during hydrothermal liquefaction of proteinaceous model feedstock

Zimmermann

Raffelt

Dahmen

2023

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Hydrothermal liquefaction was applied to model mixtures containing lard oil (lipid), cellulose (carbohydrate), and bovine serum albumin (protein), representing biogenic organic waste feedstocks. The content of protein was kept constant for every experiment, while the lipid and cellulose content was changed, which is expressed by the lipid to protein (LtoP) or cellulose to protein (CtoP) ratio. The reactions were conducted at 350 °C with a residence time of 20 min in 25 ml micro autoclaves. Afterwards, the lumped recovery of carbon and nitrogen into the different product phases was investigated and representative compounds were identified to get an overview of the composition on a molecular level. A high LtoP ratio results in an increased biocrude yield and eventually higher carbon recovery, while the nitrogen recovery is slightly lowered. The formation of nitrogen containing heteroaromatic species could be suppressed by the addition of lipids from 6.10 to 0.03% for pyrazines and 2.69 to 0.43% for indoles. Consequently, the formation and nitrogen recovery by heteroaliphatic amide species increased from 0.00 to 8.77%. Different reaction pathways for the formation of the different species are proposed. It turned out that reactive amine from protein degradation can be “trapped” in stable amides, preventing the formation of nitrogen heteroaromatics with oxygenated from carbohydrates. Graphical abstract

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Elucidating the role of reactive nitrogen intermediates in hetero-cyclization during hydrothermal liquefaction of food waste

Abstract: Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has emerged as a promising strategy for converting abundant, water-rich organic streams into an energy-dense, sustainable, biocrude. Despite major strides in improving oil yields and process intensification,...

Cited by 11 publications

References 80 publications

Emergent chemical behavior in mixed food and lignocellulosic green waste hydrothermal liquefaction

Emergent chemical behavior in mixed food and lignocellulosic green waste hydrothermal liquefaction

Hydrothermal liquefaction of composite household waste to biocrude: the effect of liquefaction solvents on product yield and quality

Suppressing the formation of N-heteroaromatics during hydrothermal liquefaction of proteinaceous model feedstock

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