Ecological and Sociodemographic Determinants of House Infestation by Triatoma infestans in Indigenous Communities of the Argentine Chaco

Gaspe, María Sol; Provecho, Yael Mariana; Cardinal, Marta Victoria; Fernández, María del Pilar; Gürtler, Ricardo E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003614

Cited by 47 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This result coincides with the lack of association between ethnic background and the prevalence of house infestation with T. infestans in Area I, which was at least partially related to the considerable variability in housing and socio-economic conditions within each ethnic group [26]. Qom households from a nearby rural section of Pampa del Indio (Area III) exhibited a lower, less variable goat-equivalent index [38] than that observed in Qom households from Area I. These heterogeneities within a single ethnic group and district point to more a complex system defying a simple stratification by ethnicity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

High levels of human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi associated with the domestic density of infected vectors and hosts in a rural area of northeastern Argentina

et al. 2018

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BackgroundInsecticide spraying campaigns designed to suppress the principal vectors of the Chagas disease usually lack an active surveillance system that copes with house reinvasion. Following an insecticide campaign with no subsequent surveillance over a 12-year period, we implemented a longitudinal intervention programme including periodic surveys for Triatoma infestans, full-coverage house spraying with insecticides, and selective control in a well-defined rural area of the Argentinean Chaco inhabited by Creoles and one indigenous group (Qom). Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study and report the age-specific seroprevalence of human T. cruzi infection by group, and examine the association between human infection, the onset of the intervention, the relative density of infected domestic bugs, and the household number of infected people, dogs, or cats.ResultsThe seroprevalence of infection among 691 residents examined was 39.8% and increased steadily with age, reaching 53–70% in those older than 20 years. The mean annual force of infection was 2.5 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 1.8–3.3%). Infection in children younger than 16 years born before the intervention programme was two to four times higher in houses with infected T. infestans than in houses without them and was six times higher when there were both infected dogs or cats and bugs than when they were absent. The model-averaged estimate of the intervention effect suggests that the odds of seropositivity were about nine times smaller for those born after the onset of the intervention than for those born before it, regardless of ethnic background, age, gender, household wealth, and cohabitation with T. cruzi-infected vectors or human hosts. Human infection was also closely associated with the baseline abundance of infected domestic triatomines and the number of infected cohabitants. Two of 43 children born after interventions were T. cruzi-seropositive; since their mothers were seropositive and both resided in apparently uninfested houses they were attributed to vertical transmission. Alternatively, these cases could be due to non-local vector-borne transmission.ConclusionsOur study reveals high levels of human infection with T. cruzi in the Argentinean Chaco, and the immediate impact of sustained vector surveillance and selective control actions on transmission.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3069-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

High levels of human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi associated with the domestic density of infected vectors and hosts in a rural area of northeastern Argentina

et al. 2018

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“…Las condiciones de las viviendas rurales favorecen el establecimiento de poblaciones de vectores, y están directamente asociadas al nivel socioeconómico y a las prácticas culturales. La pobreza es el principal determinante de riesgo para esta enfermedad 4 ; la infestación doméstica con triatominos decrece con el aumento del nivel educativo del jefe de hogar 5 . Pese a los esfuerzos por controlarla, la ECh es una de las enfermedades tropicales más difundidas en la Región del Chaco 4 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…El Norte de la Provincia de Santa Fe se encuentra dentro del Chaco Argentino. Estudios sobre la ECh realizados en el Chaco Argentino, han mostrado valores dispares en cuanto a la seroprevalencia por ubicación geográfica en distintos grupos etarios [5][6][7] . El Programa Provincial de Control de la ECh de la Provincia de Santa Fe logró, entre 2010 y 2012, evaluar serológicamente a aproximadamente el 70% de los niños que residían en el Chaco Santafesino 8 , brindando tratamiento etiológico específico a los seropositivos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Seroprevalencia de Chagas en mayores de 14 años de áreas rurales del Chaco Santafesino

Mendicino

Colussi

Stafuza³

et al. 2019

Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba

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Introducción. La Enfermedad de Chagas (ECh) es endémica en la Región del Chaco. Se desconoce su seroprevalencia en mayores de 14 años de áreas rurales del Chaco Santafesino. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la seroprevalencia de ECh en mayores de 14 años de áreas rurales del Chaco Santafesino, Argentina, y su asociación con factores de riesgo epidemiológico. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal entre 2010 y 2015, en personas mayores de 14 años, los distritos rurales de la región del Chaco, en el Norte de la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. Se determinó la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Trypanosoma cruzi mediante dos pruebas serológicas, realizando una tercera en caso de discordancia. Se realizaron encuestas semiestructuradas sobre variables socioambientales. Se analizó la asociación entre ECh y variables socioambientales mediante la razón de prevalencias con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados. Se estudió una muestra de 749 personas, con una media de edad de 29,5 años. La seroprevalencia fue de 24,70% (26,69% en mujeres y 20,26% en hombres). Se halló asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables socioambientales y la seroprevalencia. La seroprevalencia fue 7,83 veces mayor en los hijos de madres que no habían alcanzado la educación secundaria. Conclusiones. La región del Chaco Santafesino es endémica para Chagas, al igual que otras provincias de la Región. El bajo nivel de instrucción materno es el condicionante más importante para esta endemia.

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“…This study is part of an ongoing research and disease control program implemented since 2007 in the Municipality of Pampa del Indio, Chaco, Argentina, which aims to achieve the sustainable elimination of T. infestans from rural dwellings and the interruption of vector-borne transmission. All rural villages within this area have been under sustained vector surveillance and control, and house infestation was kept under 3% district-wide (Gaspe et al, 2015;Gurevitz et al, 2013;Provecho et al, 2017). Several surveys genotyped T. cruzi parasites from Pampa del Indio sylvatic and domestic hosts, and vectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New human isolates of Trypanosoma cruzi confirm the predominance of hybrid lineages in domestic transmission cycle of the Argentinean Chaco

Macchiaverna

Enriquez

Buscaglia

et al. 2018

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, was initially classified into 6 Discrete Typing Units (DTUs). The hybrid DTUs TcV and TcVI are the most frequent in domestic transmission cycles throughout the Southern Cone countries of South America. Here, we genotyped parasite isolates from human residents in Pampa del Indio municipality, Chaco, to further characterize the structure of T. cruzi populations, and to assess the degree of overlapping between the domestic and sylvatic transmission cycles. Artificial xenodiagnostic tests were performed to blood samples from 125 T. cruzi-seropositive people (age range, 3-70 years) who represented 14.3% of all seropositive residents identified. Parasites were obtained from feces of T. cruzi-infected Triatoma infestans examined 30 or 60 days after blood-feeding, and grown in vitro. The cultured parasites were genotyped by means of two PCR-based protocols. DTUs were determined from 39 (31%) patients residing in 28 dwellings. The only DTUs identified were TcV (92%) and TcVI (8-36%). Households with more than one parasite isolate consistently displayed the same DTU. Further sequencing of a fragment of the TcMK gene from selected samples argue against the occurrence of mixed TcV-TcVI infections in the study population. Sequencing data revealed an unexpected degree of genetic variability within TcV including two apparently robust subgroups of isolates. Our results for human residents confirm the predominance of hybrid lineages (TcV and to a much lesser extent TcVI) and the absence of sylvatic genotypes (TcI and TcIII) in (peri)domestic transmission cycles in the Argentinean Chaco area.

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Ecological and Sociodemographic Determinants of House Infestation by Triatoma infestans in Indigenous Communities of the Argentine Chaco

Cited by 47 publications

References 56 publications

High levels of human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi associated with the domestic density of infected vectors and hosts in a rural area of northeastern Argentina

High levels of human infection with Trypanosoma cruzi associated with the domestic density of infected vectors and hosts in a rural area of northeastern Argentina

Seroprevalencia de Chagas en mayores de 14 años de áreas rurales del Chaco Santafesino

New human isolates of Trypanosoma cruzi confirm the predominance of hybrid lineages in domestic transmission cycle of the Argentinean Chaco

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