Ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines

Sloat, Matthew R.; Fraser, Dylan J.; Dunham, Jason B.; Falke, Jeffrey A.; Jordan, Chris E.; McMillan, John; Ohms, Haley A.

doi:10.1007/s11160-014-9344-z

Cited by 74 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Ultimately, the cohort effect most likely integrates both environmental and genetic variation, reflecting the current understanding of maturation in salmonids as a probabilistic reaction norm (Hutchings and Jones ; Sloat et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Marine Growth and Life History Diversity of Steelhead from the Situk River, Alaska

Catterson

Sutton

McPhee

2020

N American J Fish Manag

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Steelhead (the anadromous form of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss) exhibit a complex life history that is described by variable freshwater and ocean residency and maturation schedules. This diversity confers resilience but complicates their monitoring and management. The Situk River in Southeast Alaska has the longest running set of biological data and scale samples for steelhead in the state, and it is of particular interest because it supports the largest known population of steelhead in Alaska and is free of hatchery influence. We used a retrospective analysis of scales that were collected from 525 individuals over 11 years (1999–2012) to examine the relationships among freshwater growth, early ocean growth, and life history in a mixed‐effects modeling framework. Specifically, we examined the relationships among annual growth stanzas and adult length and we determined how age at maturity varied by sex and growth history while allowing these relationships to vary randomly among calendar years of growth. Within individuals, freshwater and first ocean‐year growth were positively correlated, while second ocean‐year growth was negatively correlated with earlier growth stanzas. Early‐maturing steelhead (returning after two ocean years) grew more quickly during their first ocean year, and they then grew more slowly during their second ocean year and attained smaller adult length than did later‐maturing steelhead (those that returned after three ocean years). Second ocean‐year growth was more variable than first ocean‐year growth and adult length were. Males tended to mature earlier than females did, and later‐maturing males attained larger freshwater growth than their earlier‐maturing male counterparts did and grew larger in overall length than did females. Our analyses identified divergent growth trajectories that were associated with age at maturity that began in freshwater periods but were most pronounced during early ocean residency. We found retrospective scale‐growth analysis to be a useful tool for better understanding the connections between ocean growth and demography in this important sport fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Marine Growth and Life History Diversity of Steelhead from the Situk River, Alaska

Catterson

Sutton

McPhee

2020

N American J Fish Manag

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“…As of 2011, the modeled abundance of steelhead spawners returning to Panther Creek was 485 adults (Copeland et al, 2013). Because of plasticity between the resident and anadromous forms of Rainbow Trout (Sloat et al, 2014) it is possible that a portion of the present Panther Creek steelhead population was contributed by straying adults from other drainages or from the existing resident Rainbow Trout that persisted in upstream or tributary refugia such as Clear or Beaver Creeks.…”

Section: Anadromous Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of a mining-damaged stream ecosystem

Mebane

Eakins

Fraser

et al. 2015

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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This paper presents a 30+ year record of changes in benthic macroinvertebrate communities and fish populations associated with improving water quality in mining-influenced streams. Panther Creek, a tributary to the Salmon River in central Idaho, USA suffered intensive damage from mining and milling operations at the Blackbird Mine that released copper (Cu), arsenic (As), and cobalt (Co) into tributaries. From the 1960s through the 1980s, no fish and few aquatic invertebrates could be found in 40 km of mine-affected reaches of Panther Creek downstream of the metals contaminated tributaries, Blackbird and Big Deer Creeks.Efforts to restore water quality began in 1995, and by 2002 Cu levels had been reduced by about 90%, with incremental declines since. Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were early colonizers, quickly expanding their range as areas became habitable when Cu concentrations dropped below about 3X the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's biotic ligand model (BLM) based chronic aquatic life criterion. Anadromous Chinook Salmon (O. tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss) have also reoccupied Panther Creek. Full recovery of salmonid populations occurred within about 12-years after the onset of restoration efforts and about 4-years after the Cu chronic criteria had mostly been met, with recovery interpreted as similarity in densities, biomass, year class strength, and condition factors between reference sites and mining-influenced sites. Shorthead Sculpin (Cottus confusus) were slower than salmonids to disperse and colonize. While benthic macroinvertebrate biomass has increased, species richness has plateaued at about 70 to 90% of reference despite the Cu criterion having been met for several years. Different invertebrate taxa had distinctly different recovery trajectories. Among the slowest taxa to recover were Ephemerella, Cinygmula and Rhithrogena mayflies, Enchytraeidae oligochaetes, and Heterlimnius aquatic beetles. Potential reasons for the failure of some invertebrate taxa to recover include competition, and high sensitivity to Co and Cu.

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“…These are natural flow fluctuations that trigger processes such as the hatching of fish eggs (Sloat et al 2014) or fish migration (McCormick et al 1998). These are natural flow fluctuations that trigger processes such as the hatching of fish eggs (Sloat et al 2014) or fish migration (McCormick et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intra‐ and interspecific competition and hydropeaking on growth of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Puffer

Berg

Huusko

et al. 2015

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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The effects of hydropeaking and intra-and interspecific competition on the growth performance (growth in length, mass and lipid content) of juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout Salmo trutta were studied in six experimental channels (three experiencing hydropeaking and three controls with a stable discharge of water). Changes in the water-covered area in the hydropeaking channels were small to avoid fish stranding. Each channel was divided into three similar-sized sections and stocked with either low or high density of Atlantic salmon, or a mix of Atlantic salmon and brown trout, with the density of the latter equalling the high-density treatment of Atlantic salmon. A marked effect of competition was visible as salmon in the low-density treatment were significantly larger (27-33%) and had a higher mass (30-38%) than salmon in both the high-density salmon treatment and the high-density salmon and trout treatment. Hydropeaking had only minor and insignificant effects on the growth performance: overall final length, mass and body lipid content in the salmon experiencing hydropeaking differed by À9%, À7% and +2% compared with controls. Furthermore, there was no indication that the competitive regime influenced hydropeaking effects. The increase in both intra-and interspecific competition among the juvenile salmon had a pronounced and significant effect on growth. Our study adds to the growing evidence that energetic consequences of hydropeaking are likely to be small for Atlantic salmon and that stress and mortality associated with stranding represent the main source of population impact.

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Ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines

Cited by 74 publications

References 111 publications

Interactions between Marine Growth and Life History Diversity of Steelhead from the Situk River, Alaska

Interactions between Marine Growth and Life History Diversity of Steelhead from the Situk River, Alaska

Recovery of a mining-damaged stream ecosystem

Effects of intra‐ and interspecific competition and hydropeaking on growth of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

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