Eco‐friendly solution processing of all‐polymer solar cells: Recent advances and future perspective

Xiong, Yuan; Ye, Long; Zhang, Chao

doi:10.1002/pol.20210745

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 106 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…Generally, the non-halogenated solvents, such as toluene, ortho-xylene (o-XY), and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, have high boiling points, which lead to long film-drying time and large phase separation. [35,40] It has been demonstrated that hot slotdie coating is an effective method to suppress the excessive phase separation of non-halogenated solvents processed active layers. [22,41,42] However, the high-solution temperature of hot slot-die coating will reduce the pre-aggregation of polymer donors, leading to the decrease of crystallinity, which is bad for thick-film devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Green Thick‐Film Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Crystallinity Regulation

Zhao

Xue

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) has reached high values of over 19%. However, most of the high‐efficiency OSCs are fabricated by spin‐coating with toxic solvents and the optimal photoactive layer thickness is limited to 100 nm, limiting practical development of OSCs. It is a great challenge to obtain ideal morphology for high‐efficiency thick‐film OSCs when using non‐halogenated solvents due to the unfavorable film formation kinetics. Herein, high‐efficiency ternary thick‐film (300 nm) OSCs with PCE of 15.4% based on PM6:BTR‐Cl:CH1007 are fabricated by hot slot‐die coating using non‐halogenated solvent (o‐xylene) in the air. Compared to PM6:BTR‐Cl:Y6 blends, the stronger pre‐aggregation of CH1007 in solution induces the earlier aggregation of CH1007 molecules and longer aggregation time, and thus results in high and balanced crystallinity of donors and acceptor in CH1007‐based ternary film, which led to high‐carrier mobility and suppressed charge recombination. The ternary strategy is further used to fabricate high‐efficiency, thick‐film, large‐area, and flexible devices processed from non‐halogenated solvents, paving the way for industrial development of OSCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Performance Green Thick‐Film Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Crystallinity Regulation

Zhao

Xue

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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“…It offers excellent solvation of photoactive materials, thus making it a relatively viable and safer choice to replace chlorobenzene and CF in OPVs. , Furthermore, its relatively high boiling point also makes it suitable for R2R-compatible meniscus-guided thin-film printing processes. 2-MeTHF has also previously been employed in OPVs to replace halogenated processing solvents. − It can be derived from sustainable and renewable furfural biomass (i.e., corn stover, rice straw, etc. ). − Its eco-friendly synthesis makes it an excellent choice for reactions involving organometallics, organocatalysis, biotransformations, and so forth. , Considering the sustainable and eco-friendly nature of 2-MeTHF, it was employed in this work to process photoactive layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Non-Halogenated Co-solvent System for Large-Area, Four-Layer Slot-Die-Coated Organic Photovoltaics

Niazi

Munir

D’Souza

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Sustainable processing solvents, photoactive materials, and scalable manufacturing will play a key role in commercializing printed organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The record-breaking pioneering OPV reports have done an outstanding job in accelerating the discovery of champion photoactive materials and device engineering practices; however, these works predominantly involve health-hazardous halogenated processing solvents/additives and non-scalable thin-film coating methods. Herein, large-area slot-die-manufactured OPV cells from eco-friendly halogen-free solvents and synthetically scalable materials are showcased. All the four layers; electron transport layer (SnO2), cathode interlayer (PDIN-H), bulk-heterojunction (BHJ, PTQ-10:BTP-4F-12), and hole transport layer [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS] are slot-die-coated in air. A non-halogenated co-solvent mixture of toluene and 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran is presented as an optimal processing solvent to realize the high-quality thin films of PTQ10:BTP-4F-12. The unencapsulated champion solar cells characterized in ambient conditions (RH = 30%, T = 22 °C) exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 12.1 and 17.8% under 1 Sun (100 mW/cm2) and indoor light-emitting diode lighting (580 μW/cm2) conditions, respectively. Additionally, PEDOT:PSS is successfully slot-die-coated atop BHJ by mitigating wettability challenges with the aid of surface treatment. The all four-layer slot-die-coated OPVs exhibit a PCE of 9.55%.

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“…The OFETs were characterized in a nitrogen-filled glove box using a semiconductor characterization system (Keithley 4200-SCS). The PSCs were fabricated with a conventional device architecture of glass/indium tin oxide (ITO)/MoO 3 /polymer:PC 71 BM/Ca/ Al [48,49]. The ITO was cleaned via sonication in deionized water, acetone, and isopropanol, followed by UV-ozone treatment for 15 min.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Field-effect Transistors and Photovoltaic Dev...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regioisomeric Polymer Semiconductors Based on Cyano-Functionalized Dialkoxybithiophenes: Structure–Property Relationship and Photovoltaic Performance

Bai

Huang

Guo

et al. 2022

Trans. Tianjin Univ.

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Cyano substitution is vital to the molecular design of polymer semiconductors toward highly efficient organic solar cells. However, how regioselectivity impacts relevant optoelectronic properties in cyano-substituted bithiophene systems remain poorly understood. Three regioisomeric cyano-functionalized dialkoxybithiophenes BTHH, BTHT, and BTTT with head-to-head, head-to-tail, and tail-to-tail linkage, respectively, were synthesized and characterized in this work. The resulting polymer semiconductors (PBDTBTs) based on these building blocks were prepared accordingly. The regiochemistry and property relationships of PBDTBTs were investigated in detail. The BTHH moiety has a higher torsional barrier than the analogs BTHT and BTTT, and the regiochemistry of dialkoxybithiophenes leads to fine modulation in the optoelectronic properties of these polymers, such as optical absorption, band gap, and energy levels of frontier molecular orbitals. Organic field-effect transistors based on PBDTBTHH had higher hole mobility (4.4 × 10−3 cm2/(V·s)) than those (ca. 10−4 cm2/(V·s)) of the other two polymer analogs. Significantly different short-circuit current densities and fill factors were obtained in polymer solar cells using PBDTBTs as the electron donors. Such difference was probed in greater detail by performing space-charge-limited current mobility, thin-film morphology, and transient photocurrent/photovoltage characterizations. The findings highlight that the BTHH unit is a promising building block for the construction of polymer donors for high-performance organic photovoltaic cells. Graphical abstract

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Eco‐friendly solution processing of all‐polymer solar cells: Recent advances and future perspective

Cited by 15 publications

References 106 publications

High‐Performance Green Thick‐Film Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Crystallinity Regulation

High‐Performance Green Thick‐Film Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Crystallinity Regulation

Scalable Non-Halogenated Co-solvent System for Large-Area, Four-Layer Slot-Die-Coated Organic Photovoltaics

Regioisomeric Polymer Semiconductors Based on Cyano-Functionalized Dialkoxybithiophenes: Structure–Property Relationship and Photovoltaic Performance

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