Eco-Friendly, High-Density Fiberboards Bonded with Urea-Formaldehyde and Ammonium Lignosulfonate

Antov, Petar; Savov, Viktor; Krišťák, Ľuboš; Réh, Roman; Mantanis, George I.

doi:10.3390/polym13020220

Cited by 57 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…However, the compatibility between pristine HNTs and UF is poor, and these fillers could not be averagely dispersed by simple mechanical stirring. This problem greatly affects the production efficiency and product quality of wood-based panels, which restricted largely its application [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Properties of the Urea-Formaldehyde Res-In/Reactive Halloysite Nanocomposites Adhesive with Low-Formaldehyde Emission and Good Water Resistance

Song

Chen

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Low-cost urea formaldehyde resin (UF)/reactive halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) nanocomposite adhesive was prepared successfully via in situ polymerization. The HNTs were modified to improve its compatibility with polymer. The XRD and FTIR results showed that physical and chemical interaction between the HNTs and polymer resin influenced the structure of UF owing to the functional groups on the HNTs. It is found from SEM images that the modified HNTs could be dispersed uniformly in the resin and the nanocomposite particles were spherical. The performance experiment confirmed that thermal stability of nanocomposite increased largely, formaldehyde emission of UF wood adhesive reduced 62%, and water resistance of UF wood adhesive improved by 84%. Meanwhile, the content of HNTs on the nanocomposites could be up to 60 wt %. The mechanism of the nanocomposites based on the reactive HNTs was proposed. The approach of the preparation could supply an idea to prepare other polymer/clay nanocomposites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Properties of the Urea-Formaldehyde Res-In/Reactive Halloysite Nanocomposites Adhesive with Low-Formaldehyde Emission and Good Water Resistance

Song

Chen

et al. 2021

Polymers

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“…The alternative based on renewable raw materials for the development of bioadhesives has been considered as an option of special interest. These include the use of soy [10][11][12], tannins [13][14][15], lignin [16][17][18], wood fibers [19,20], plant polymers [21,22] and starch [23][24][25]. In particular, starch is the second most abundant lignocellulosic polymer in nature [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Starch as an Environmental-Friendly Bioresource for the Development of Wood Bioadhesives

Arias

Feijoo

2021

Molecules

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The environment is a very complex and fragile system in which multiple factors of different nature play an important role. Pollution, together with resource consumption, is one of the main causes of the environmental problems currently affecting the planet. In the search for alternative production processes, the use of renewable resources seeks a way to satisfy the demands of resource consumption based on the premises of lower environment impact and less damage to human health. In the wood sector, the panel manufacturing process is based on the use of formaldehyde-based resins. However, their poor moisture resistance leads to hydrolysis of amino-methylene bonds, which induces formaldehyde emissions throughout the lifetime of the wood panel. This manuscript investigates the environmental profile associated with different wood bioadhesives based on starch functionalization as a renewable alternative to formaldehyde resins. Considering that this is a process under development, the conceptual design of the full-scale process will be addressed by process modeling and the environmental profile will be assessed using life cycle assessment methodology. A comparative study with synthetic resins will provide useful information for modify their development to become real alternatives in the wood-based panel industry. The results obtained show the enormous potential of starch bioadhesives, as their environmental impact values are lower compared to those based on petrochemicals. However, certain improvements in the energy process requirements and in the chemical agents used could be developed to provide even better results.

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“…In 2019 there were produced 431 4342 t wastes from wood processing and the production of paper, cardboard, pulp, panels and furniture in the Slovak republic [ 17 ]. Although, this waste can be used for the production of other materials, such as eco-friendly, high-density fiberboards [ 18 ], 42.7% of this amount, was incinerated with energy recovery [ 16 ]. The most harvested wood in the Slovak Republic is spruce, followed by beech, fir and oak [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evaluation of Torrefied Wood Using a Cone Calorimeter

2021

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This study focuses on the energy potential and combustion process of torrefied wood. Samples were prepared through the torrefaction of five types of wood: Ash, beech, oak, pine and spruce. These were heated for 2 h at a temperature of 300 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Torrefied wood was prepared from wood samples with dimensions of 100 × 100 × 20 mm3. These dimensions have enabled investigation of torrefied wood combustion in compact form. The effect of the external heat flux on the combustion of the samples was measured using a cone calorimeter. The observed parameters, include initiation times, heat release rate and combustion efficiency. The results show that increasing the external heat flux decreases the evenness of combustion of torrefied wood. At the same time, it increases the combustion efficiency, which reached an average value of approximately 72% at 20 kW m−2, 81% at 30 kW m−2 and 90% at 40 kW m−2. The calculated values of critical heat flux of the individual samples ranged from 4.67 kW m−2 to 15.2 kW m−2, the thermal response parameter ranged from 134 kW s0.5 m−2 to 297 kW s0.5 m−2 and calculated ignition temperature ranged from 277 °C to 452 °C. Obtained results are useful both for energy production field and for fire safety risk assessment of stored torrefied wood.

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Eco-Friendly, High-Density Fiberboards Bonded with Urea-Formaldehyde and Ammonium Lignosulfonate

Cited by 57 publications

References 76 publications

Preparation and Properties of the Urea-Formaldehyde Res-In/Reactive Halloysite Nanocomposites Adhesive with Low-Formaldehyde Emission and Good Water Resistance

Preparation and Properties of the Urea-Formaldehyde Res-In/Reactive Halloysite Nanocomposites Adhesive with Low-Formaldehyde Emission and Good Water Resistance

Evaluation of Starch as an Environmental-Friendly Bioresource for the Development of Wood Bioadhesives

The Evaluation of Torrefied Wood Using a Cone Calorimeter

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