The Evaluation of Torrefied Wood Using a Cone Calorimeter

Rantuch, Peter; Martinka, Jozef; Ház, Aleš

doi:10.3390/polym13111748

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…To assess the fuel performance of nMSW, the combustion efficiency, heat release rate (HRR), and peak heat release rate (pHRR) are important to understand the combustibility of a fuel which can be determined from thermogravimetric analysis (Rantuch et al, 2021). It is understood that upon applying the external heat flux, the combustion process starts with devolatilization and oxidation reactions of volatiles and fixed carbon along with several other physicochemical changes of the solid fuel (Medina et al, 2015;Rantuch et al, 2021). Thus, the combustion experiment was performed in a cone calorimeter (McHenry, IL, United States) as per ASTM standard method E1354.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced biorefinery feedstock from non-recyclable municipal solid waste by mechanical preprocessing

Saha

Klinger²,

Islam³

et al. 2023

Front. Fuels.

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Because of accelerated urbanization and the development of a global economy, a large quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been collected and disposed of by the municipalities. Due to this drastic increase in the disposal of MSW, the need for its management is a must to preserve the environment. Currently, approximately 50% of the total MSW generated in the United States has been utilized through various recycling, combustion, and composting technologies, which means the remaining 50% is sent to landfill; this is often known as non-recyclable MSW (nMSW). As this nMSW is physically and chemically heterogenous and contains very high amounts of inorganic material, processing is required prior to using it as a biorefinery feedstock. Thus, this study focused on how mechanical preprocessing advanced the physical and chemical properties of nMSW. The physical and chemical properties were investigated in terms of particle size distribution, bulk density, ultimate and proximate analysis, and the higher heating value (HHV). The combustion properties were examined in terms of ignition temperature, peak heat release rate, and combustion efficiency. Results showed that the variability of physical and chemical properties of nMSW can be reduced by mechanical preprocessing. For example, the variability of the bulk density of the as-received nMSW was approximately 17.3% while it reduced to 5.8% when the sample size was reduced to 2 mm. Similarly, the variability of ash and HHV reduced from 49.2% to 11.0% and 13.4%–4.2%, respectively. Combustion thermograms showed that the size reduction positively improved the combustion properties. For example, 2 mm of spec sample started to ignite approximately 4 times earlier and took 6.5 folds less time to reach the peak heating rate compared to as-received nMSW. Overall, the mechanical preprocessing reduced the variability of physical and chemical properties in addition to the improvement of combustion behavior of the nMSW which is one step forward toward the biorefinery feedstock.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced biorefinery feedstock from non-recyclable municipal solid waste by mechanical preprocessing

Saha

Klinger²,

Islam³

et al. 2023

Front. Fuels.

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“…The cone calorimeter is a bench-scale instrument for testing the reaction-to-fire properties of materials under a forced-combustion condition [ 14 , 15 ]. In this study, cone calorimeter combustion tests were conducted on an iCone classic Calorimeter (Fire Testing Technology, West Sussex, UK) in accordance with the ASTM E-1354 standard operating procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 8 mg of sample was heated from 30 • C to 600 • C at a heating rating of 20 • C/min, and the nitrogen atmosphere was maintained at a constant flow rate of 60.0 mL/min. The cone calorimeter is a bench-scale instrument for testing the reaction-to-fire properties of materials under a forced-combustion condition [14,15]. In this study, cone calorimeter combustion tests were conducted on an iCone classic Calorimeter (Fire Testing Technology, West Sussex, UK) in accordance with the ASTM E-1354 standard operating procedure.…”

Section: Characterization and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flammability and Thermal Kinetic Analysis of UiO-66-Based PMMA Polymer Composites

Shen

Yan

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as novel flame retardants for polymers, which, typically, can improve their thermal stability and flame retardancy. However, there is a lack of specific studies on the thermal decomposition kinetics of MOF-based polymer composites, although it is known that they are important for the modeling of flaming ignition, burning, and flame spread over them. The thermal decomposition mechanisms of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been well investigated, which makes PMMA an ideal polymer to evaluate how fillers affect its decomposition process and kinetics. Thus, in this study, UiO-66, a common type of MOF, was embedded into PMMA to form a composite. Based on the results from the microscale combustion calorimeter, the values of the apparent activation energy of PMMA/UiO-66 composites were calculated and compared against those of neat PMMA. Furthermore, under cone calorimeter tests, UiO-66, at only 1.5 wt%, can reduce the maximum burning intensity and average mass loss rate of PMMA by 14.3% and 12.4%, respectively. By combining UiO-66 and SiO2 to form a composite, it can contribute to forming a more compact protective layer, which shows a synergistic effect on reducing the maximum burning intensity and average mass loss rate of PMMA by 22.0% and 14.7%, respectively.

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“…This Special Issue of Polymers is a collection of 11 original high-quality scientific contributions on basic and applied research in the field of wood science and technology, and provides good examples of the recent challenges related to the production and application of wood and wood-based materials. Individual papers concerned with the enhancement of the performance and technological properties of wood composites, above all plywood [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], as well as with ignition and combustion of wood and wood composites in monitoring and evaluating these processes on state-of-the-art equipment [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ], and monitoring chemical changes in wood and wood adhesives and composites [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], are included. The topic of the Special Issue has clearly resonated in the world’s scientific community and the traditional response has come from strong wood research centers in Europe and Asia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is also evident in this Special Issue. The study [ 4 ] focuses on the energy potential and combustion process of torrefied wood. Samples were prepared through the torrefaction of five types of wood: ash, beech, oak, pine, and spruce.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%