Eco-friendly concretes with reduced water and cement content – Mix design principles and application in practice

Proske, Tilo; Hainer, Stefan; Rezvani, Moien; Graubner, Carl‐Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.066

Cited by 61 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Replacing a portion of the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with pozzolans, or environmentally friendly filler materials, can reduce the environmental effects. By optimizing the mixture design, both the cost and the environmental impact of concrete can be reduced [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Limestone Powder in Concrete and the Effects on the Environment

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The major environmental impact of concrete comes from the CO 2 emissions, produced during the cement manufacturing process. The main goal of this research project is to evaluate the efficiency of limestone powder as a partial cement replacement, in order to reduce energy consumption and CO 2 emissions. This study utilizes limestone powders, with different particle sizes, to replace a portion of Portland cement using various ratios. Due to the dilution effect when partially replacing cement, there is a reduction in the concrete's physical properties. To assess the dilution effect, a modification to Féret's equation is used to calculate an efficiency factor for the limestone powder when compared to cement. To measure the environmental impact, a life cycle assessment is conducted on concrete made with limestone powder combined with cement. This allows for an evaluation of the various cement/limestone powder ratios that will maximize the environmental benefit, with minimal reduction in concrete strength. Additional microstructural analysis using petrographic examination was completed to provide a visual understanding of the distribution of the limestone particles within the cement paste. The results indicate that the efficiency of limestone powder in partially replacing cement can be achieved by particle packing and particle distribution in the concrete and the benefits of emission reductions exceed the loss in compressive strength when higher levels of limestone powder is used to replace cement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Limestone Powder in Concrete and the Effects on the Environment

et al. 2018

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“…The selection of w/b (or water‐to‐cementitious) ratio for conventional PC system is constrained by the requirements of workability, mechanical properties, and durability . Reducing the water content of conventional PC system with the aid of superplasticizer dosage to maintain workability, yields improvements in both the mechanical properties and the durability . Different from the distinct correlation between w/b ratio and mechanical properties of conventional PC system, the w/b ratio of the r‐MgO‐PC system that is designed for carbonation curing has multiple impacts on the compressive strength of the system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35,36 Reducing the water content of conventional PC system with the aid of superplasticizer dosage to maintain workability, yields improvements in both the mechanical properties and the durability. 37,38 Different from the distinct correlation between w/b ratio and mechanical properties of conventional PC system, the w/b ratio of the r-MgO-PC system that is designed for carbonation curing has multiple impacts on the compressive strength of the system. The effect of accelerating the moisture evaporation during the drying process by increasing the w/b ratio, which benefits the subsequent carbonation, on compressive strength has a chance to compensate for or even overtake the negative effect of increasing the initial pore volume on the compressive strength.…”

Section: F I G U R E 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of carbonated r‐MgO‐PC binder system: Effect of r‐MgO replacement level and water‐to‐binder ratio

Zhang

Panesar

2019

J Am Ceram Soc

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This study investigates the influence of reactive MgO (r‐MgO) replacement levels and water‐to‐binder (w/b) ratios on the compressive strength, carbonation front, and pore structure of mortars with r‐MgO and Portland cement (r‐MgO‐PC) as binder. The experimental results reveal that an increase in the w/b ratio decreases the carbonation degree for mortars with 20% r‐MgO, but increases the carbonation degree for mortars with 60% r‐MgO. The r‐MgO replacement level together with the w/b ratio and carbonation degree impacts the type and quantity of the carbonation products, namely Mg‐calcite, nesquehonite and the hydrated amorphous Mg carbonate, which affects the pore structure and compressive strength of the matrix. The maximum strength for mortars with 20% r‐MgO occurs at the lowest w/b ratio (0.45), while the maximum strength for mortars with 60% r‐MgO occurs at the intermediate w/b ratio (0.65). A design of r‐MgO replacement level, w/b ratio in conjunction with the drying and carbonation curing regimes is needed for further advancement and application r‐MgO‐PC system.

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“…Recently, several researchers have investigated the individual effect of the high volume of fly ash as a partial replacement of Portland cement, and have objectively proved that these additions have a significant influence on the concrete properties [20][21][22][23][24][29][30][31][32]. However, studies on the effects of a high volume of combined fly ash and limestone filler contents on concrete are scarce and limited, mainly when formulated with reduced cement content.…”

Section: Research Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Durability and Time-Dependent Properties of Low-Cement Concrete

et al. 2020

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The sustainability concerns of concrete construction are focused both on the materials’ eco-efficiency and on the structures’ durability. The present work focuses on the characterization of low cement concrete (LCC), regarding time-dependent and durability properties. LCC studies which explore the influence of the formulation parameters, such as the W/C (water/cement ratio), W/Ceq, (which represents the mass ratio between water and equivalent cement), W/B (water/binder) ratio, and the reference curves, on the aforementioned properties are limited. Thus, several LCC mixtures were formulated considering two dosages of binder powder, 350 and 250 kg/m3, the former with very plastic consistency and the latter with dry consistency, which were combined with a large spectrum of cement replacement rates (up to 70%), through adding fly ash and limestone filler, and with different compactness levels. The main objectives were to study the influence of the formulation parameters on the properties: shrinkage and creep, accelerated carbonation and water absorption, by capillarity, and by immersion. The lifetime of structures produced with the studied LCC was estimated, considering the durability performance, regarding the carbonation effect on the possible corrosion of the steel reinforcement. LCC mixtures with reduced cement dosage and high compactness, despite the high W/C ratios, have low shrinkage and those with higher strength have reduced creep, however depending on W/Ceq ratio. Those mixtures can be formulated and produced presenting good performance regarding carbonation resistance and, consequently, a long lifetime, which is mandatory for a sustainable construction. LCC with 175 kg/m3 of cement dosage is an example with higher lifetime than current concrete with 250 kg/m3 of cement; depending on the XC exposure classes (corrosion induced by carbonation), the amount of cement can be reduced between 37.5% and 42%, since the LCC with 175 kg/m3 of cement allows reducing the concrete cover below the minimum recommended, ensuring simultaneously the required lifetime for current and special structures.

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Eco-friendly concretes with reduced water and cement content – Mix design principles and application in practice

Cited by 61 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Limestone Powder in Concrete and the Effects on the Environment

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Limestone Powder in Concrete and the Effects on the Environment

Design of carbonated r‐MgO‐PC binder system: Effect of r‐MgO replacement level and water‐to‐binder ratio

Durability and Time-Dependent Properties of Low-Cement Concrete

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