“…Song applied an electron beam irradiation cross‐linking technique to the fabrication of SPEEK membranes with variation in the cross‐linker mixture ratio (1,4‐butanediol divinyl ether (BDVE)/triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC), 9:1 of weight percentage). The increase in cross‐linker content decreased the water uptake, IEC, and proton conductivity of the membrane.…”
Section: Additives In Different Types Of Membranesmentioning
Summary
Additives such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers have become increasingly important in the polymer nanocomposite production field, especially for enhancing the structural morphology, functional behavior, and final performance of nanocomposites in broad applications. The current work is an overview of the effects of additive substances such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers in the polymer electrolyte membrane composites applied to fuel cells. A comparative review is conducted by categorizing fillers into several types, and the most popular cross‐linkers and plasticizers used in fuel cell membranes are included in this review. The highlighted properties include the proton conductivity, permeability, mechanical properties, thermal properties, crystallinity, and structure of additive‐modified nanocomposites. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects in the additive field are discussed in Section 5.0. This review can provide a reference for researchers seeking specific substances that can be used to enhance nanocomposite properties, especially in membrane fuel cell applications.
“…Song applied an electron beam irradiation cross‐linking technique to the fabrication of SPEEK membranes with variation in the cross‐linker mixture ratio (1,4‐butanediol divinyl ether (BDVE)/triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC), 9:1 of weight percentage). The increase in cross‐linker content decreased the water uptake, IEC, and proton conductivity of the membrane.…”
Section: Additives In Different Types Of Membranesmentioning
Summary
Additives such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers have become increasingly important in the polymer nanocomposite production field, especially for enhancing the structural morphology, functional behavior, and final performance of nanocomposites in broad applications. The current work is an overview of the effects of additive substances such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers in the polymer electrolyte membrane composites applied to fuel cells. A comparative review is conducted by categorizing fillers into several types, and the most popular cross‐linkers and plasticizers used in fuel cell membranes are included in this review. The highlighted properties include the proton conductivity, permeability, mechanical properties, thermal properties, crystallinity, and structure of additive‐modified nanocomposites. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects in the additive field are discussed in Section 5.0. This review can provide a reference for researchers seeking specific substances that can be used to enhance nanocomposite properties, especially in membrane fuel cell applications.
“…In the study of Oh et al, 25 DMFC with Nafion as an electrolyte operates under acidic conditions. Kanninen et al 26 prepared DMFC in alkaline state by using an anion exchange membrane as the electrolyte.…”
Section: Types Of Direct Liquid Fuel Cellmentioning
Summary
Direct liquid fuel cell (DLFC) is one of the leading fuel cell types due to their great features of superior energy density, modest configuration, small size in fuel container, immediate boosting, and effortless storage and carriage. Commercially used liquid fuel types are prepared using alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol, glycol, and acids. DLFCs face great challenges although they are potentially far‐reaching depending on the expensive catalysts and the use of high‐loading catalyst. More questions that should be addressed to ensure excellent DLFC performance include cathode flooding, fuel crossover, numerous side yield production, fuel security, and unverified elongated‐duration robustness. Further studies need to be carried out to ensure the continuous improvement of the quality of DLFCs' performance and their penetration in the commercial market. To date, direct liquid fuel cells made of methanol and ethanol have been successfully produced in commercial scale, but other types of DLFCs are still under study. In this review, introduction to DLFC will be discussed by covering work and commercialization as well as recent progress and challenges encountered.
“…Crosslinked SPEEK membranes were prepared by song et al 48 using the UV irradiation crosslinking method with a mixture of 1,4-butanediol divinyl ether (BDVE) and triallyl isocyanuarate (TAIC) in the ratio of 9 : 1. They found that the chemical stability and degree of cross-linking in the EB–SPEEK membranes were found to be increased by cross-linkers BDVE/TAIC.…”
Fuel cell technology affords cleaner energy resource for diverse applications like transport, power stationary and portable devices. Present review focused the role of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) based proton...
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