Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone): efficient ion-exchange polymer electrolytes for fuel cell applications–a versatile review

Abstract

Fuel cell technology affords cleaner energy resource for diverse applications like transport, power stationary and portable devices. Present review focused the role of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) based proton...

TiO2‐graphene dispersed sulfonated polyphenylenesulfide sulfone nanocomposites for medium temperaturePEMFCs

“…Due to the requirement of higher operating temperatures and low water absorption level and higher price of the fluorinated polymers, such as Nafion, the research into the development of non‐perfluorinated polymer and their nanocomposites are emerged. Among the non‐fluorinated polymers, sulfonated (sPEEK), 26 poly (ether etherketone)s (SPEEKs), 27 sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone)s (SPAESs), 28–33 sulfonated Polybenzoxazine (PBO), 34 sulfo‐alkylated polysulfones (SAPS), 35 poly‐benzimidazoles (PBI), 36–38 sulfonated polyimide (SPI), 38–40 and sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) 41 are found to have potential ability to replace Nafion. Hence, in the present research we have synthesized a high‐performance polyarylthioethers containing triphenylpyridine and diphenylsulfone, which are linked by thiol bond.…”

“…Among the non-fluorinated polymers, sulfonated (sPEEK), 26 poly (ether etherketone)s (SPEEKs), 27 sulfonated poly (arylene ether sulfone)s (SPAESs), [28][29][30][31][32][33] sulfonated Polybenzoxazine (PBO), 34 sulfoalkylated polysulfones (SAPS), 35 poly-benzimidazoles (PBI), [36][37][38] sulfonated polyimide (SPI), [38][39][40] and sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) 41 are found to have potential ability to replace Nafion. Hence, in the present research we have synthesized a high-performance polyarylthioethers containing triphenylpyridine and diphenylsulfone, which are linked by thiol bond.…”

Alternative to Conventional Solutions in the Development of Membranes and Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts for Application in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis: A Review

“…In the sPEEK membrane, the phenyl ring is linked to ether bonds and carbonyl groups, while the sulfonic acid group is linked to the phenyl ring [ 73 ]. The properties of the membranes largely depend on the degree of sulfonation (DS), whereby higher DS always favors excellent proton conductivity [ 74 ]. The potential for application is also evident in its low-cost fabrication and thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability [ 31 ].…”

A Critical Review of Electrolytes for Advanced Low- and High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

“…Among the FCs, PEMFCs and SOFCs are free from electrolyte leakage because they possess solid state structures . PEMFCs are favored over other FCs as they show high theoretical (83%) and practical (∼50%) efficiencies and also require a low maintenance cost due to their low operating temperature (∼80 °C) and fast start-up. , Some of the common features of the different FCs are shown in Figure . − In this paper, we begin with a general introduction of proton conducting materials for low-, high-, and intermediate-temperature FCs followed by a discussion about PEMs and their requirements. We explain the proton conduction mechanism, limitations of currently available PEMs and strategies to improve their performance with an emphasis on the roles of different inorganic, organic, and liquid fillers in proton conductivity, water uptake, mechanical and oxidative stabilities, and FC performance.…”