Earthen mounds in the Głubczyce Forest (SW Poland) – are they prehistoric long-barrows? Geoarchaeology of the Silesian soil record and human-environment interplay in the Holocene

Krupski, Mateusz; Mackiewicz, Maksym; Kabała, Cezary; Ehlert, Maciej; Cendrowska, Marzena

doi:10.1515/pz-2021-0004

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…An estimation of SOC content allowed us to verify the correct selection of samples because it is recommended to build the spectral library using samples containing at least 0.3% SOC [19]. Before spectral measure- As a testing material for the created statistical model, three buried soils from SW Poland were chosen from the barrows (kurgans) of the Funnel Beaker culture formed during the Neolithic period [29][30][31][32]. All buried soils were covered by a thick overlying barrow mound (up to 100 cm), which has preserved their humus horizons from transformation into Luvisols that naturally occurred in a direct surrounding of the kurgans.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Supports Identification of the Origin of Organic Matter in Soils

Dudek

Kabała

Łabaz

et al. 2021

Land

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Spectroscopic methods combined with statistics have recently gathered substantial interest in pedological studies. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has been utilized, for example, for reconstructions of the history and transformations of Chernozems, although no similar research was conducted based on mid-infrared (MIR). In this paper, the relevance of MIR spectroscopy was tested in studies on the origin/affinity of organic matter from chernozemic soils. Samples collected from three vegetation classes (grasslands, forests and arable lands) were investigated using MIR spectroscopy in order to create a statistical model, which was applied on buried profiles of unknown origin. The results showed a clear disjunction of vegetation classes. Samples of buried soil were placed in the space between all classes, indicating the relation to variable vegetation. Therefore, arable lands should not be omitted in paleoecological reconstructions, because we cannot exclude the cultivation of fertile soils before their burial. It was concluded that MIR methods may have similar applicability to NIR spectroscopy. Additionally, MIR spectra may also be discriminated according to the recognized soil type, which allows for direct reconstructions of the transformation trends in buried profiles.

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Section: Sample Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Supports Identification of the Origin of Organic Matter in Soils

Dudek

Kabała

Łabaz

et al. 2021

Land

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“…They were also found under a Middle Holocene tell in Central Germany [91]. Buried soils were identified as chernozems [86] or similar to them soils (Chernic Phaeozem [87]). The distribution of chernozems in the Middle Holocene (Neolithic) in Central Europe is inconsistent with the Blytt-Sernander climatic scheme.…”

Section: Soil Analogus With the Shh Outside Russiamentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The paleosol method proved to be successful in the study of the analogous problem of the origin of Holocene Chernozems in Central Europe [78,89]. In this region, within the modern forest areas with forest soils, Chernozems and similar dark humus soils were found under the Bronze Age and Neolithic kurgans [70,78,83,86,87]. They were also found under a Middle Holocene tell in Central Germany [91].…”

Section: Soil Analogus With the Shh Outside Russiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Soils with the Second Humus Horizon, Paleochernozems, and the History of Pedogenesis at the Border between Forest and Steppe Areas

2022

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The genesis of soils with the second humus horizon (SHH)-the most striking relict feature in the profiles of soddy-podzolic (Retisols) and gray (forest) soils (Luvisols)-is discussed. The Middle Holocene radiocarbon age of the SHH, its dark color, and the discrepancy of its properties and the properties of modern humus horizons of forest soils have specified the main issues in the study of SHH: the character of climate changes and shifts of the boundaries of natural zones in the Holocene and the reflection of these changes in the evolution of the soil profiles. We consider the history of studies, systematization, geographic distribution, and modern properties of the SHH. On the basis of the analysis of Holocene paleosols, we try to characterize the prototype of the SHH, to estimate its age, and to trace stages of its development in the Holocene. We have also tried to find analogous soils with the SHH outside of Russia. According to the accepted hypothesis, SHHs are residual paleoclimatogenic formations. Other hypotheses consider them as buried horizons, a result of paleohydromorphism, etc. Dark humic substances of SHHs were formed in the first half of the Holocene and are characterized by extremely high stability. This allows them to survive in the aggressive environment of the eluvial horizons of Retisols and Luvisols. Under the influence of biochemical and mechanical (tree uprooting) factors, SHHs are strongly transformed, which complicates their study. At the same time, well-preserved Chernozems and darkcolored Phaeozems buried under kurgans and other earthy structures and sediments make it possible to establish the prototype of the SHH and to trace its degradation in the late Holocene. Within the East European Plain, the thickness and age of the SHH vary in agreement with the hypothesis of the residual paleoclimatogenic genesis of this horizon. The validity of the hypotheses of the buried nature and hydrogenic origin of the SHH is discussed. At present, interest in soils with the SHH in Russia has somewhat weakened. In Central Europe and North America, soils with the SHH have not been studied, but research into the problem of relict chernozems is being actively pursued. In our opinion, the combination of these two types of objects and, accordingly, the directions of research can lead to more definite conclusions about the origin and evolution of soils with the SHH.

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“…Glina et al, 2013), estimated to account for at least 45% of the country (Polish Soil Classification, 2019). In southern Poland, the parent rocks of these soils are mainly loess and loess-like deposits (Słowińska-Jurkiewicz, 1989;Krupski et al, 2021). Under natural conditions, these soils are mostly covered with deciduous forests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the physical properties of a forest Glossic Retisol developed from loess in the Lublin Upland, SE Poland

Bryk

2023

Soil Sci. Ann.

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Clay-illuvial soils with argic horizon and developed from loess or other silty deposits constitute high-quality arable land owing to favourable physical and chemical properties. There are thus numerous reports on such soils, considering their structure, compaction, erosion, water and air properties. However, there is still a lack of quantitative studies on structure and physical properties on analogous soils under forests. The aim of this research was therefore a comprehensive description of the physical state, including structure, water and air properties, of a forest Retisol developed from loess. Morphographic, morphological and morphometric parameters of structure, selected physicochemical and water and air properties and also relationships among the obtained parameters were analysed for genetic horizons O, Ah, AE, E, Bt/E, Bt, BtC and C. The fi eld survey and soil structure images indicated that the studied forest soil had an undisturbed sequence of genetic horizons. The soil structure was shaped by soil fl ora and fauna causing bioturbation. Qualitative and quantitative structure analysis revealed that the O horizon had a loose arrangement, the Ah horizon had an aggregate crumb structure, the AE horizon had zones of an aggregate crumb structure and non-aggregate structure (fi ssured or with channels), while the remaining mineral horizons showed essentially a non-aggregate structure with varying proportions and sizes of planes and biogenic pores (i.e. cracked or fi ssured structure and structure with channels, respectively). The morphometric and physicochemical parameters facilitated a detailed analysis of the Retisol's physical state. The Retisol's structure type and degree of aggregate development directly infl uenced its hydraulic conductivity and water retention capacity. Therefore, under simulated precipitation, the soil water content and effective saturation varied mainly in the topsoil (O-E horizons) and virtually no changes were observed in the subsoil (Bt-C horizons). The research resulted in a comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical and morphometric parameters, their relationships, and structure images that were previously unavailable in other studies, covering the physical state of the entire pedon of a forest Retisol. The results obtained may serve, for example, as a reference (control) for analogous soils located in non-forest ecosystems and become an element in space-for-time substitution scenarios aimed at assessing the intensity of anthropogenic transformation.

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Earthen mounds in the Głubczyce Forest (SW Poland) – are they prehistoric long-barrows? Geoarchaeology of the Silesian soil record and human-environment interplay in the Holocene

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Supports Identification of the Origin of Organic Matter in Soils

Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Supports Identification of the Origin of Organic Matter in Soils

Soils with the Second Humus Horizon, Paleochernozems, and the History of Pedogenesis at the Border between Forest and Steppe Areas

Study on the physical properties of a forest Glossic Retisol developed from loess in the Lublin Upland, SE Poland

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