Early neuropsychological detection of Alzheimer's disease

Bastin, Christine; Salmon, Eric

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.176

Cited by 65 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Additionally, creating a valid interface between cognitive measures and other early biomarkers is complicated by the requirements for proper tests and appropriate cut-offs [43]. Even though treatments are not yet available, the work of operationalizing the criteria, determining appropriate cut-off scores [44,45], and identifying the specificity and sensitivity of different tests is already important [45]. Understanding the sensitivity of the available tests requires obtaining converging evidence from screening different types of early markers, which would likely reduce the risk of both false-positive and false-negative results in a clinical setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Recall Episodic Memory Performance Predicts Dementia Ten Years prior to Clinical Diagnosis: Findings from the Betula Longitudinal Study

Boraxbekk¹,

Lundquist

Nordin

et al. 2015

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra

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Background/Aims: Early dementia diagnosis is a considerable challenge. The present study examined the predictive value of cognitive performance for a future clinical diagnosis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia in a random population sample. Methods: Cognitive performance was retrospectively compared between three groups of participants from the Betula longitudinal cohort. Group 1 developed dementia 11-22 years after baseline testing (n = 111) and group 2 after 1-10 years (n = 280); group 3 showed no deterioration towards dementia during the study period (n = 2,855). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the predictive value of tests reflecting episodic memory performance, semantic memory performance, visuospatial ability, and prospective memory performance. Results: Age- and education-corrected performance on two free recall episodic memory tests significantly predicted dementia 10 years prior to clinical diagnosis. Free recall performance also predicted dementia 11-22 years prior to diagnosis when controlling for education, but not when age was added to the model. Conclusion: The present results support the suggestion that two free recall-based tests of episodic memory function may be useful for detecting individuals at risk of developing dementia 10 years prior to clinical diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Recall Episodic Memory Performance Predicts Dementia Ten Years prior to Clinical Diagnosis: Findings from the Betula Longitudinal Study

Boraxbekk¹,

Lundquist

Nordin

et al. 2015

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra

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“…blue written in red = red.). This task assesses the executive function by looking at the ability to appropriately allocate attentional resources and resolve conflict, unlike the category test, which involves mostly semantic memory and executive functions such as flexibility and inhibition [33]. Variables For the Category test, the total number of responses was the main variable while for the Stroop Word and Color Test, the main variables included the total number of words, total number of colors, as well as both the word–color absolute and relative differences.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive function is necessary for the regulation of the stepping activity when stepping in place in older adults

2015

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To determine the effect of age on stepping performance and to compare the cognitive demand required to regulate repetitive stepping between older and younger adults while performing a stepping in place task (SIP). Fourteen younger (25.4 ± 6.5) and 15 older adults (71.0 ± 9.0) participated in this study. They performed a seated category fluency task and Stroop test, followed by a 60 s SIP task. Following this, both the cognitive and motor tasks were performed simultaneously. We assessed cognitive performance, SIP cycle duration, asymmetry, and arrhythmicity. Compared to younger adults, older adults had larger SIP arrhythmicity both as a single task and when combined with the Category (p < 0.001) and Stroop (p < 0.01) tasks. Older adults also had larger arrhythmicity when dual tasking compared to SIP alone (p < 0.001). Older adults showed greater SIP asymmetry when combined with Category (p = 0.006) and Stroop (p = 0.06) tasks. Finally, they had lower cognitive performance than younger adults in both single and dual tasks (p < 0.01). Age and type of cognitive task performed with the motor task affected different components of stepping. While SIP arrhythmicity was larger for all conditions in older compared to younger adults, cycle duration was not different, and asymmetry tended to be larger during SIP when paired with a verbal fluency task. SIP does not require a high level of control for dynamic stability, therefore demonstrating that higher-level executive function is necessary for the regulation of stepping activity independently of the regulation of postural balance. Furthermore, older adults may lack the cognitive resources needed to adequately regulate stepping activity while performing a cognitive task relying on the executive function.

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“…The dominant view is that long-term episodic memory tasks are the best available tests for detecting cognitive decline in MCI and AD (Bastin & Salmon, 2014;Gainotti et al, 2014). It is assumed that impaired performance on these tasks maps onto the first signs of tau pathology in the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampus.…”

Section: Early Cognitive Markers Of Ad and Mild Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced mind-wandering in mild cognitive impairment: Testing the spontaneous retrieval deficit hypothesis.

Niedźwieńska¹,

Kvavilashvili²

2018

Neuropsychology

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Objective: Research on early cognitive markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is primarily focused on declarative episodic memory tests that involve deliberate and effortful/strategic processes at retrieval. The present study tested the Spontaneous Retrieval Deficit Hypothesis, which predicts that people with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), who are at increased risk of developing AD, are particularly impaired on tasks that rely on spontaneous retrieval processes.Method: Twenty-three participants with aMCI and 25 healthy controls (HC) completed an easy vigilance task and thought probes (reporting what was going through their mind), which were categorized as spontaneous thoughts about the past (i.e., involuntary memories), current situation, and future (i.e., spontaneous prospection).Results: Participants with aMCI reported significantly fewer spontaneous thoughts or mindwandering than HC. This effect was driven by significantly fewer involuntary memories, while groups did not differ in the number of current and future thoughts. Conclusions: Findings provide strong support for the Spontaneous Retrieval DeficitHypothesis. Implications for research on mind-wandering and the default network, early cognitive markers of the disease, and our theoretical understanding of the nature of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease are discussed.

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Early neuropsychological detection of Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 65 publications

References 97 publications

Free Recall Episodic Memory Performance Predicts Dementia Ten Years prior to Clinical Diagnosis: Findings from the Betula Longitudinal Study

Free Recall Episodic Memory Performance Predicts Dementia Ten Years prior to Clinical Diagnosis: Findings from the Betula Longitudinal Study

Executive function is necessary for the regulation of the stepping activity when stepping in place in older adults

Reduced mind-wandering in mild cognitive impairment: Testing the spontaneous retrieval deficit hypothesis.

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