Executive function is necessary for the regulation of the stepping activity when stepping in place in older adults

Dalton, Christopher; Sciadas, Ria; Nantel, Julie

doi:10.1007/s40520-015-0499-9

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Our study indicated a significant relationship between PA and executive function. Higher-level executive function was reported to be necessary for the regulation of PA in a cohort study [ 32 ]. Improvements in executive function correlated with increases in gait speed and PA in a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling older adults with falls [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several long-term trials have shown that PA is associated with executive function [ 15 , 28 ]. The PAs that showed effects towards executive function are as follows: aerobic walking [ 29 ], dual task-based exercise training [ 30 ], two sessions of exercise training [ 31 ], stepping activity [ 32 ], crossing a street at a pedestrian traffic light [ 33 ], and social participation [ 17 ]. Conversely, the PAs that did not show any positive effects on executive function include stretching and balance exercises [ 34 ], slow jogging [ 35 ], resistance exercise [ 36 ], moderate-intensity walking exercise [ 37 ], flexibility training [ 38 ], and single-task training [ 34 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decreased Physical Activity Associated with Executive Dysfunction Correlates with Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults in the Community: A Retrospective Analysis from the Kurihara Project

Kobayashi

Takahashi

Seki

et al. 2016

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra

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Background/Aims: No previous studies have explored the relationship between physical activity (PA) and executive dysfunction. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the PA for 590 older participants in the Kurihara Project; 221 participants had a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0 (healthy), 295 CDR 0.5 (very mild dementia), and 74 CDR 1+ (dementia). Results: In the complicated task, whether the motor intensity was high (e.g. farming) or low (e.g. shopping), PA exhibited an inverse relationship with the CDR level. By contrast, for simple tasks with high intensity (e.g. walking), no CDR group differences were noted. For PA with low intensity (e.g. cleaning), the CDR 1+ group exhibited decreased levels. Conclusion: PA was related to the burden of executive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment; however, in patients with dementia, PA was related to both the burden of executive function and motor intensity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Physical Activity Associated with Executive Dysfunction Correlates with Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults in the Community: A Retrospective Analysis from the Kurihara Project

Kobayashi

Takahashi

Seki

et al. 2016

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord Extra

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“…Walking is a cognitive process which requires higher-level control and is not an automatic movement ( LeMonda et al, 2015 ). Studies have demonstrated that executive functions, attention and memory are closely related to walking ( Dalton, Sciadas & Nantel, 2015 ). Executive functions refer to a variety of higher cognitive processes that modulate and use information from the posterior cortical sensory systems to produce behavior ( Honan et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait disorder as a predictor of spatial learning and memory impairment in aged mice

Wang

Meng

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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ObjectiveTo investigate whether gait dysfunction is a predictor of severe spatial learning and memory impairment in aged mice.MethodsA total of 100 12-month-old male mice that had no obvious abnormal motor ability and whose Morris water maze performances were not significantly different from those of two-month-old male mice were selected for the study. The selected aged mice were then divided into abnormal or normal gait groups according to the results from the quantitative gait assessment. Gaits of aged mice were defined as abnormal when the values of quantitative gait parameters were two standard deviations (SD) lower or higher than those of 2-month-old male mice. Gait parameters included stride length, variability of stride length, base of support, cadence, and average speed. After nine months, mice exhibiting severe spatial learning and memory impairment were separated from mice with mild or no cognitive dysfunction. The rate of severe spatial learning and memory impairment in the abnormal and normal gait groups was tested by a chi-square test and the correlation between gait dysfunction and decline in cognitive function was tested using a diagnostic test.ResultsThe 12-month-old aged mice were divided into a normal gait group (n = 75) and an abnormal gait group (n = 25). Nine months later, three mice in the normal gait group and two mice in the abnormal gait group had died. The remaining mice were subjected to the Morris water maze again, and 17 out of 23 mice in the abnormal gait group had developed severe spatial learning and memory impairment, including six with stride length deficits, 15 with coefficient of variation (CV) in stride length, two with base of support (BOS) deficits, five with cadence dysfunction, and six with average speed deficits. In contrast, only 15 out of 72 mice in the normal gait group developed severe spatial learning and memory impairment. The rate of severe spatial learning and memory impairment was significantly higher in the abnormal gait group as compared to that in the normal gait group (x = 21.986, P < 0.001). All five parameters used to assess gait predicted severe spatial learning and memory impairment in aged mice (P < 0.01). However, the difference of the area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve for each quantitative gait parameter was not statistically significant.ConclusionGait disorders are a predictor of severe spatial learning and memory impairment in aged mice, and stride length, variability of stride length, base of support, cadence, and average speed are all sensitive parameters for assessing gait.

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“…Besides this, several other studies have shown that motor control of daily motor tasks (gait, balance, etc.) depends, at least in part, on executive functions [46][47][48][49]. Accordingly, since executive functions are strongly altered in older adults, motor control is impaired, which is manifested by impairments in balance or locomotory tasks [50][51].…”

Section: The Relevance Of Physical-cognitive Dual-task Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding Light on a New Psychology of Movement and Exercise

Deschamps¹

2019

obm icm

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Let's consider the issues of exercise and cognitive function from a different angle, for instance, by moving from a sitting position to standing. Seeing something from different perspectives not only reflects our cognitive flexibility [1] but also has a direct impact on executive performance. Interestingly, some recent studies have reported a smaller Stroop effect when standing than sitting [2-3] or stepping backward [4]. This evidences that body posture enhances selective attention and cognitive control. Through these examples, the assumption presented here is that our daily cognitive functioning is closely linked to our sensorimotor present and vice-versa. Our abilities to move are cognitively vital. Hence a call for a new psychology of movement and, by extension, of exercise emerges [2], with consequences for how to address the role and the effects of movement and exercise on cognitive function.

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Executive function is necessary for the regulation of the stepping activity when stepping in place in older adults

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Decreased Physical Activity Associated with Executive Dysfunction Correlates with Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults in the Community: A Retrospective Analysis from the Kurihara Project

Decreased Physical Activity Associated with Executive Dysfunction Correlates with Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults in the Community: A Retrospective Analysis from the Kurihara Project

Gait disorder as a predictor of spatial learning and memory impairment in aged mice

Shedding Light on a New Psychology of Movement and Exercise

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