Early Life Metabolism of Bisphenol A: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Nachman, Rebecca; Hartle, Jennifer C.; Lees, Peter S.J.; Groopman, John D.

doi:10.1007/s40572-013-0003-7

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…27, 28 We previously reported urinary concentrations of BPA glucuronide in samples from 11 neonates and 1 young infant between 7 to 44 days of age; free BPA was below the LOQ in all 12 individuals as in the present study. 22 BPA glucuronide concentrations were above the LOQ in 100% of the samples in the previous study but only 71% in this study, which could reflect a downward trend in BPA exposure in the population, possibly attributable to reduced use of BPA in consumer products, including baby bottles and formula packaging.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Serial Free Bisphenol A and Bisphenol A Glucuronide Concentrations in Neonates

Nachman

Fox

Golden

et al. 2015

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objective To determine the balance of metabolism of free bisphenol A (BPA) to the inactive conjugate, BPA glucuronide, in neonates. Study design Free BPA and BPA glucuronide concentrations were measured in 78 urine samples collected between December 2012 and August 2013 from a cohort of 44 healthy full term (≥ 37 weeks’ gestation) neonates at two intervals (3 - 6 days and 7 - 27 days of age). A questionnaire was administered at the time of sample collection. Neonates recruited into the study were born in an urban, tertiary care hospital. Results Only BPA glucuronide was detected in the urine samples; concentrations ranged from <0.1 μg/L to 11.21 μg/L (median: 0.27 μg/L). Free BPA concentrations were below the limit of quantification of 0.1 μg/L. Age, but not sex or type of diet was significantly associated with urinary BPA glucuronide concentration (p=0.002). Conclusions Our results illustrate widespread BPA exposure in healthy full-term neonates and efficient conjugation of BPA to its readily excretable and biologically inactive form (BPA glucuronide) as early as 3 days of age. Factors other than type of diet may be important contributors to BPA exposure in neonates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Serial Free Bisphenol A and Bisphenol A Glucuronide Concentrations in Neonates

Nachman

Fox

Golden

et al. 2015

The Journal of Pediatrics

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“…These data were called “Day 1” to distinguish them from the second day of dietary recall information that was recorded from a phone interview 3 – 10 days after the MEC appointment. Since BPA is rapidly glucuronidated and cleared in the urine in approximately 24 hours (Nachman et al 2014; Volkel et al 2002), Day 1 24-hour dietary recall is an appropriate time to evaluate the associations between potential BPA food exposure and urinary BPA concentrations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The consumption of canned food and beverages and urinary Bisphenol A concentrations in NHANES 2003–2008

Hartle

Navas‐Acien

Lawrence

2016

Environmental Research

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Background Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) is ubiquitous and includes dietary and environmental pathways. BPA is rapidly glucuronidated in the body, and both BPA and its conjugates can be readily measured in urine. Objectives To investigate the contribution of canned food and beverages, known sources of BPA contamination, to BPA biomarkers of exposure using dietary and urinary BPA concentration information in a representative sample of the U.S. population. Methods We evaluated 7,669 NHANES 2003–2008 participants 6 years and older with 24-hour dietary recall information and urinary BPA concentrations available. Using linear regression models, we evaluated the associations between recent canned food and beverage consumption and urinary BPA concentrations, adjusting for potential confounders. Results We found 9% of our participants consumed one canned food in the past 24 hours and 2% consumed two or more canned foods. The consumption of one canned food vs. none was associated with 24% (95% CI 1.11, 1.38) higher urinary BPA concentrations. The consumption of two or more canned foods vs. none was associated with 54% (95% CI 1.27, 1.88) higher urinary BPA concentrations. The consumption of one or more of some specific types of canned foods vs. none were associated with higher urinary BPA concentrations: 41% (95% CI 1.23, 1.63) higher BPA for vegetable and fruit, 70% (95% CI 1.18, 2.44) higher for canned pasta, and 229% (95% CI 1.22, 4.30) higher for canned soup. Canned beverages were not associated with urinary BPA concentrations. Conclusions Canned food, including some specific types such as canned vegetable and fruit, canned pasta, and canned soup were associated with higher levels of urinary BPA concentrations.

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“…breast milk vs urine) variability in BPA metabolism [67, 80]. As emphasized, it is very important to measure both aglycone and conjugated forms of BPA for assessing human exposures and to reduce external contamination issues.…”

Section: Rationale To Study Bpa Conjugatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A and its conjugates in human matrices: Exposure biomarker perspectives

Andra

Austin

Yang

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Human exposures to bisphenol A (BPA) has attained considerable global health attention and represents one of the leading environmental contaminants with potential adverse health effects including endocrine disruption. Current practice of measuring of exposure to BPA includes the measurement of unconjugated BPA (aglycone) and total (both conjugated and unconjugated) BPA; the difference between the two measurements leads to estimation of conjugated forms. However, the measurement of BPA as the end analyte leads to inaccurate estimates from potential interferences from background sources during sample collection and analysis. BPA glucuronides (BPAG) and sulfates (BPAS) represent better candidates for biomarkers of BPA exposure, since they require in vivo metabolism and are not prone to external contamination. In this work, the primary focus was to review the current state of the art in analytical methods available to quantitate BPA conjugates. The entire analytical procedure for the simultaneous extraction and detection of aglycone BPA and conjugates is covered, from sample pre-treatment, extraction, separation, ionization, and detection. Solid phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatograph and tandem mass spectrometer analysis provides the most sensitive detection and quantification of BPA conjugates. Discussed herein are the applications of BPA conjugates analysis in human exposure assessment studies. Measuring these potential biomarkers of BPA exposure has only recently become analytically feasible and there are limitations and challenges to overcome in biomonitoring studies.

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Early Life Metabolism of Bisphenol A: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Cited by 38 publications

References 46 publications

Serial Free Bisphenol A and Bisphenol A Glucuronide Concentrations in Neonates

Serial Free Bisphenol A and Bisphenol A Glucuronide Concentrations in Neonates

The consumption of canned food and beverages and urinary Bisphenol A concentrations in NHANES 2003–2008

Recent advances in simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A and its conjugates in human matrices: Exposure biomarker perspectives

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