E-government development strategies in the eastern partnership countries

Polar Order and Frustrated Antiferromagnetism in Perovskite Pb2MnWO6 Single Crystals

“…This difference is possibly due to the difference of the processing method adopted by us compared to the method used in earlier studies. We have adopted single-crystal growth to synthesize PMWO instead of ceramic technology as used in earlier work. − Further, formation of the secondary PbWO 4 phase often occurs when the samples are prepared by ceramic technology, and this may introduce some deviation from the stoichiometry of the PMWO material and could cause a shift of T c .…”

“…The structural and dielectric properties of Pb 2 MnWO 6 (PMWO) ceramics were first reported in the mid-1960s, − during which it was established that this compound has a monoclinically distorted perovskite-type structure in which Mn 2+ and W 6+ regularly occupy octahedral positions. However, the symmetry of the room temperature phase remains controversial because different authors have reported contradicting crystal structures. − Dielectric measurements indicate that PMWO undergoes a first-order phase transition from a high-temperature cubic paraelectric phase to a low-temperature antiferroelectric (AFE) phase at 425 K. , In ref , it was inferred that the room temperature structure of PMWO is orthorhombic with the Pnma space group (s.g.).…”

“…Although historically there has been dispute on the superstructure of the PMWO crystal and the assignment of the s.g., all recent reports are consistent on orthorhombic unit cell parameters, which are related to the cubic perovskite primitive unit cell parameter a c , with a = 2√2 a c , b = 2 a c , and c = √2 a c . Recent XRD and neutron diffraction data of ceramics and microcrystals of PMWO confirm orthorhombic distortions at room temperature but assign them to the noncentrosymmetric s.g. Pmc 2 1 . , There are some differences in the reported values of T c for PMWO, − which vary in the range 425–450 K, but it is clear that this transition is coupled to a structural phase transformation from a high-temperature cubic to a low-temperature orthorhombic structure.…”

Developing e-maturity model for municipal project and program management system

“…The researchers also note that e-government is formed under the influence of structural features of the social, cultural and political environment. In particular, the paper [16] outlines the environment of municipal government as a set of specific external and internal factors that limit or accelerate the development of digital technologies. The matrix of ICT tools for managing urban programs and projects has been developed taking into account the Digital City, Intelligent City and Smart City models.…”