Dynamics of grape berry growth and physiology of ripening

Coombe, B. G.; McCarthy, Michael

doi:10.1111/j.1755-0238.2000.tb00171.x

Cited by 332 publications

(302 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…PA synthesis appears to continue in the seed up until 2 to 4 weeks after véraison (Fig. 7), at which time the seed is generally mature and the seed coat has turned brown (Coombe and McCarthy 2000;Kennedy et al, 2000). The peak of expression of VvLAR2 in seeds at véraison occurred just before the peak in the level of flavan-3-ols (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proanthocyanidin Synthesis and Expression of Genes Encoding Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase and Anthocyanidin Reductase in Developing Grape Berries and Grapevine Leaves

et al. 2005

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Proanthocyanidins (PAs), also called condensed tannins, can protect plants against herbivores and are important quality components of many fruits. Two enzymes, leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), can produce the flavan-3-ol monomers required for formation of PA polymers. We isolated and functionally characterized genes encoding both enzymes from grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv Shiraz). ANR was encoded by a single gene, but we found two highly related genes encoding LAR. We measured PA content and expression of genes encoding ANR, LAR, and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase in grape berries during development and in grapevine leaves, which accumulated PA throughout leaf expansion. Grape flowers had high levels of PA, and accumulation continued in skin and seeds from fruit set until the onset of ripening. VvANR was expressed throughout early flower and berry development, with expression increasing after fertilization. It was expressed in berry skin and seeds until the onset of ripening, and in expanding leaves. The genes encoding LAR were expressed in developing fruit, particularly in seeds, but had low expression in leaves. The two LAR genes had different patterns of expression in skin and seeds. During grape ripening, PA levels decreased in both skin and seeds, and expression of genes encoding ANR and LAR were no longer detected. The results indicate that PA accumulation occurs early in grape development and is completed when ripening starts. Both ANR and LAR contribute to PA synthesis in fruit, and the tissue and temporal-specific regulation of the genes encoding ANR and LAR determines PA accumulation and composition during grape berry development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Development of the grape berry occurs in two successive growth phases (Coombe and McCarthy, 2000;Robinson and Davies, 2000). Following fertilization, the first phase of berry growth is initiated and berry expansion and seed formation occur in parallel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proanthocyanidin Synthesis and Expression of Genes Encoding Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase and Anthocyanidin Reductase in Developing Grape Berries and Grapevine Leaves

et al. 2005

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“…In this regard, the reaction of the vine depends largely on the level and timing of manipulation (Koblet 1987;Kliewer et al, 1988;Hunter et al, 1991;Poni et al, 1994;Kliewer & Dokoozlian 2005). As in most fleshy fruits, water and carbon transport into and out of grape berries is essential for volumetric growth and the accumulation of primary and secondary compounds, which determine the final fruit composition and quality (Coombe & McCarthy, 2000). This transport varies with fruit development and environmental conditions (Hunter & Visser, 1988a;Ollat et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf:Fruit Ratio and Vine Water Status Effects on Grenache Noir (Vitis vinifera L.) Berry Composition: Water, Sugar, Organic Acids and Cations

Etchebarne¹,

Ojeda²,

Hunter

2016

SAJEV

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Seasonal variation in the water, sugar, organic acid and cation contents of developing grape berries (Vitis vinifera L. 'Grenache noir') under different levels of water supply (with and without deficit irrigation) and leaf:fruit ratios (18, 10 and five leaves per primary shoot, with one bunch per shoot), were investigated over two successive years in Mediterranean conditions (South of France). Fourteen shoots per vine were left for each leaf:fruit ratio level, and each vine was considered as having homogeneous primary shoots. The growth rate of the berries was increased with irrigation. Total dry matter content of the berry was not affected by leaf:fruit ratios, but the sugar loading decreased during berry development with a lower leaf:fruit ratio (five leaves per bunch). Treatments had little effect on organic acid contents and pH. Berry cation accumulation depended on vine water status and not on the total leaf area of the vine. Under irrigated conditions, calcium continued to accumulate in the berries after véraison. This confirms a partial functioning of the berry xylem during the post-véraison period. The seasonal variation in berry composition was less dependent on the leaf:fruit ratio than on the water status of the vine (mainly cations and sugar). This study provides evidence for the importance of plant water status effects on berry composition, irrespective of the leaf:fruit ratio. Vine water status is a major regulating factor for source-sink relationships.

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“…In grape, ripening corresponds to the second growth period of the non-climacteric berries and entails profound changes in fruit composition: grapes soften, probably because of modifications in specific components of cell walls; become sweet by reason of the upturn of the hexoses glucose and fructose; lose acidity for the drop of malic acid and change the color of the skin because of the surge of many secondary metabolites together with chlorophyll degradation (Kanellis and Roubelakis-Angelakis 1993;Nunan et al 1998;Coombe and McCarthy 2000;Boss and Davies 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteins involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses as the most significant biomarkers in the ripening of Pinot Noir skins

Negri

Robotti

Prinsi

et al. 2011

Funct Integr Genomics

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We propose an integrated approach, obtained by the combination of multivariate statistics and proteomics, useful to isolate candidate biomarkers for the evaluation of grape ripening. We carried out a comparative 2-DE analysis of grape skins collected in three moments of ripening and analyzed the spot volume dataset through the application of principal component analysis followed by forward stepwiselinear discriminant analysis. This technique allowed to discriminate véraison, quite mature and mature samples, and to sort the matched spots according to their significance. We identified 36 spots showing high discriminating coefficients through liquid chromatography -electrospray ionization -tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Most of them were involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses indicating these enzymes as good candidate markers of berry ripening. These evidences hint at a likely developmental role of these proteins, in addition to their reported activity in stress events. Restricting the same statistical analysis to the samples belonging to the two last stages, it was indicated that this approach can clearly distinguish these close and similar phases of berry development. Taken all together, these results bear out that the employment of the combination of 2-DE and multivariate statistics is a reliable tool in the identification of new protein markers for describing the ripening phases and to assess the overall quality of the fruit.

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Dynamics of grape berry growth and physiology of ripening

Cited by 332 publications

References 13 publications

Proanthocyanidin Synthesis and Expression of Genes Encoding Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase and Anthocyanidin Reductase in Developing Grape Berries and Grapevine Leaves

Proanthocyanidin Synthesis and Expression of Genes Encoding Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase and Anthocyanidin Reductase in Developing Grape Berries and Grapevine Leaves

Leaf:Fruit Ratio and Vine Water Status Effects on Grenache Noir (Vitis vinifera L.) Berry Composition: Water, Sugar, Organic Acids and Cations

Proteins involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses as the most significant biomarkers in the ripening of Pinot Noir skins

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