Dynamic Virtual Power Plant: A New Concept for Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources

Marinescu, Bogdan; Gomis‐Bellmunt, Oriol; Dörfler, Florian; Schulte, Horst; Sigrist, Lukas

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2108.00153

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The systematic integration of these mechanisms into highly dynamic feedback loops in VPPs could leverage recent progress made in the areas of data-assisted and data-enabled control [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], as well as more traditional adaptive and self-tuning methods with stability guarantees [35], [36], [37]. These techniques are becoming more and more relevant due to the increasing penetration of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) connected to the grid via a power inverter that decouples the mechanical dynamics of the generator from the dynamics of the power grid, thus facilitating the implementation of advanced control algorithms [4], [38], [39], [40]. These enabling technologies also open the door to modern nonlinear and non-smooth algorithms [41], [42] that can overcome some of the fundamental limitations of traditional linear control techniques such as proportional (integral) controllers (PI), linear quadratic regulators (LQR), pole placement methods, etc.…”

Section: B Motivation and Technical Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control Systems for Low-Inertia Power Grids: A Survey on Virtual Power Plants

et al. 2023

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Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) have emerged as a modern real-time energy management architecture that seeks to synergistically coordinate an aggregation of renewable and non-renewable generation systems to overcome some of the fundamental limitations of traditional power grids dominated by synchronous machines. In this survey paper, we review the different existing and emerging feedback control mechanisms and architectures used for the real-time operation of VPPs. In contrast to other works that have mostly focused on the optimal dispatch and economical aspects of VPPs in the hourly and daily time scales, in this paper we focus on the dynamic nature of the system during the faster sub-hourly time scales. The virtual (i.e., software-based) component of a VPP, combined with the power plant (i.e., physics-based) components of the power grid, make VPPs prominent examples of cyber-physical systems, where both continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics play critical roles in the stability and transient properties of the system. We elaborate on this interpretation of VPPs as hybrid dynamical systems, and we further discuss open research problems and potential research directions in feedback control systems that could contribute to the safe development and deployment of autonomous VPPs.INDEX TERMS Smart grids, renewable energy, virtual power plant, feedback control, multi-agent hybrid dynamical systems.

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Section: B Motivation and Technical Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control Systems for Low-Inertia Power Grids: A Survey on Virtual Power Plants

et al. 2023

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“…The VPP not only manages the energy of the DERs-it also participates dynamically in the operation of the power system, and it can use its flexibility to offer capacity and ancillary services to the system operator. This dynamic operation of VPPs is currently under development and is known as a dynamic virtual power plant (DVPP) [49,112]. In summary, the bottom-up operating scheme promotes decentralization and facilitates the participation of DERs, providing flexibility and reducing the absolute dependence on large power plants, but in a more complex system.…”

Section: Reduced Operational Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications, Operational Architectures and Development of Virtual Power Plants as a Strategy to Facilitate the Integration of Distributed Energy Resources

2022

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In this article, we focus on the development and scope of virtual power plants (VPPs) as a strategy to facilitate the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in the power system. Firstly, the concepts about VPPs and their scope and limitations are introduced. Secondly, smart management systems for the integration of DERs are considered and a scheme of DER management through a bottom-up strategy is proposed. Then, we analyze the coordination of VPPs with the system operators and their commercial integration in the electricity markets. Finally, the challenges that must be overcome to achieve the large-scale implementation of VPPs in the power system are identified and discussed.

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“…These assets are distributed across the electrical network and connected to the main grid through one or more Points of Common Coupling (PCC). The VPP components and electrical network were presented in [8]. The business model considered for the VPP is the maximization of its aggregated profit by optimally scheduling the generation and demand assets in its portfolio.…”

Section: Vpp Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second level of demand flexibility is provided during the different IDM sessions, formulated in (8). At IDM, the load profile selected from DAM cannot be changed.…”

Section: B Idm Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This question can be coupled with seeking a solution for the market participation of stochastic nondispatchable RESs. Aggregating RESs within a VPP is a solution to provide a better controlled output and to make RES more competitive in electricity markets [8]. In contrast to our present work, VPPs with flexible demands and who offer prices to those demand owners for their flexibility provision have not been taken into account in previous literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Modeling Demand Flexibility of RES-based Virtual Power Plants

Oladimeji¹,

Ortega²,

Sigrist³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In this paper, an approach to evaluate the benefits of demand flexibility for Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) is presented. The flexible demands chosen in this study are part of a renewable energy source-based VPP that participates in Day-Ahead Market (DAM) and Intra-Day Market (IDM) and has dispatchable and non-dispatchable assets. A demand model with bi-level flexibility is proposed: the first level is associated with DAM, whereas the second level is related to IDM sessions. Simulations are carried out considering a 12-node network to ascertain the eventual impacts of modeling demand flexibility on VPP operation. The market structure considered in the case study resembles the different trading floors in the Spanish electricity market. Results obtained show that the proposed demand flexibility scheme increases the overall profit of the VPP, as well as the revenues of the demand owners without disrupting the consumer's comfort.

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Dynamic Virtual Power Plant: A New Concept for Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Control Systems for Low-Inertia Power Grids: A Survey on Virtual Power Plants

Control Systems for Low-Inertia Power Grids: A Survey on Virtual Power Plants

Applications, Operational Architectures and Development of Virtual Power Plants as a Strategy to Facilitate the Integration of Distributed Energy Resources

Modeling Demand Flexibility of RES-based Virtual Power Plants

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