In this work, the optimal participation of heterogeneous, Renewable Energy Source (RES)-based Virtual Power Plant (VPP) in Day-Ahead Market (DAM) and Intra-Day Market (IDM) is studied. For this purpose, a detailed model of the RES-based VPP and of the market operation is needed. The VPP includes both dispatchable and non-dispatchable RESs and flexible demand assets. This paper presents an improved, linear solar thermal plant model to consider its non-linear efficiency curve. A novel demand model with two flexibility levels that are associated with the different market sessions is also proposed. The market operation allows for updates of energy offers and this is used by the VPP to submit DAM auctions and to participate subsequently in IDM to correct for deviations. Finally, the optimal participation of the VPP in energy markets is assessed under different weather conditions.
In this paper, an approach to evaluate the benefits of demand flexibility for Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) is presented. The flexible demands chosen in this study are part of a renewable energy source-based VPP that participates in Day-Ahead Market (DAM) and Intra-Day Market (IDM) and has dispatchable and non-dispatchable assets. A demand model with bi-level flexibility is proposed: the first level is associated with DAM, whereas the second level is related to IDM sessions. Simulations are carried out considering a 12-node network to ascertain the eventual impacts of modeling demand flexibility on VPP operation. The market structure considered in the case study resembles the different trading floors in the Spanish electricity market. Results obtained show that the proposed demand flexibility scheme increases the overall profit of the VPP, as well as the revenues of the demand owners without disrupting the consumer's comfort.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.