Dynamic thermal and hygrometric simulation of historical buildings: Critical factors and possible solutions

Akkurt, Gülden Gökçen; Aste, N.; Borderon, J.C.; Buda, Alessia; Calzolari, Marta; Chung, Daniel; Costanzo, Vincenzo; Pero, Claudio Del; Evola, Gianpiero; Huerto-Cardenas, Harold Enrique; Leonforte, Fabrizio; Faro, Alessandro Lo; Lucchi, Elena; Marletta, Luigi; Nocera, Francesco; Pracchi, Valeria Natalina; Turhan, Cihan

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109509

Cited by 116 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(154 reference statements)

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“…This study is based on life-cycle assessment; a variety of approaches were used, including a cost-optimality approach that originated in industry [33,34] and an energy-savings approach [35,36]. The study is organized into the following steps: (a) collecting data from case buildings; (b) defining systems and boundaries; (c) building 3D models and creating a bill of materials; (d) conducting embodied energy and embodied carbon analysis; (e) conducting environmental analysis; (f) comparing embodied energy, embodied carbon and their correlation to environmental impact.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Building Life-Cycle Embodied Performance Index—The Relationship between Embodied Energy, Embodied Carbon and Environmental Impact

2020

Energies

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Knowledge and research tying the environmental impact and embodied energy together is a largely unexplored area in the building industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the practicality of using the ratio between embodied energy and embodied carbon to measure the building’s impact. This study is based on life-cycle assessment and proposes a new measure: life-cycle embodied performance (LCEP), in order to evaluate building performance. In this project, eight buildings located in the same climate zone with similar construction types are studied to test the proposed method. For each case, the embodied energy intensities and embodied carbon coefficients are calculated, and four environmental impact categories are quantified. The following observations can be drawn from the findings: (a) the ozone depletion potential could be used as an indicator to predict the value of LCEP; (b) the use of embodied energy and embodied carbon independently from each other could lead to incomplete assessments; and (c) the exterior wall system is a common significant factor influencing embodied energy and embodied carbon. The results lead to several conclusions: firstly, the proposed LCEP ratio, between embodied energy and embodied carbon, can serve as a genuine indicator of embodied performance. Secondly, environmental impact categories are not dependent on embodied energy, nor embodied carbon. Rather, they are proportional to LCEP. Lastly, among the different building materials studied, metal and concrete express the highest contribution towards embodied energy and embodied carbon.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Building Life-Cycle Embodied Performance Index—The Relationship between Embodied Energy, Embodied Carbon and Environmental Impact

2020

Energies

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“…As a result of continuous development of digital technologies, numerical methods are increasingly used for modelling and forecasting of physical phenomena [30][31][32]. However, computer simulations have some limitations and do not account for all factors which in reality can affect the studied parameters [23]. Validation of calculation models requires the results of field measurements encompassing the period of at least one year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Energy Exchange with the Ground in a Two-Chamber Vegetable Cold Store, Assuming Different Lengths of Technological Break, with the Use of a Numerical Calculation Method—A Case Study

Sokołowski

Nawalany

2020

Energies

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The paper deals with the impact of the technological break duration during the cold storage cycle on the energy demand of the cold store for vegetables and fruit and the temperature distribution in the ground under the cold store. The studied facility was a two-chamber vegetable cold store located in southern Poland used to store carrots (Daucus carota) for nine months a year. The experiments were conducted for 12 months (01.05.2017–30.04.2018). The technological break during this period lasted three months (from 1 July 2018 to 30 September 2018). Continuous measurements (with 1-h frequency) were made in order to determine the boundary conditions for numerical analysis. The measured parameters included indoor air temperature, outdoor air temperature, ground temperature under the building and in its vicinity. There were 22 measuring points andPT100 sensors were used. The numerical analysis was based on the elementary balances method. WUFIplus® software was used as a calculation supporting tool. The numerical analysis was conducted for 14 calculation variants, with different duration of technological break. The calculation model validation was performed and the results showed a good correlation with the experimental data. The results of experimental studies and of calculations showed a significant impact of the technological break duration on the soil distribution in the ground and the building energy demand. A technological break of less than 4 weeks is the most optimal in the summer. The technological break longer than 4 weeks significantly affects the cooling energy demand in the first days of the cooling cycle and significantly extends the time necessary for the ground and the floor to reach the optimum temperature. The analysis of the floor temperature results (points A1–C1) showed that the technological break longer than four weeks causes the average floor temperature to exceed 4.0 °C. Therefore, the optimum solution is technological break lasting 7–35 days. Absence of technological break results in a decrease of energy gains from the ground by 20% relative to a three-month technological break. The impact of technological break duration was clearly seen in terms of energy losses from the cold store to the ground. In case of a 91-day technological break, the energy losses to the ground were 1289.5 kWh/a, while in case of absence of technological break this value was ninefold lower (147.5 kWh/a).

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“…The results concluded that orthogonal prisms as simplified surrogates for buildings should be avoided where it is possible, as it showed the worst-case scenario. Akkurt et al [36] concluded that the simplification of geometry is often unavoidable for use in building-energy performance simulation, but inaccuracies resulted from oversimplification in some geometrical characteristics must be avoided. Zhao et al [21] investigated the appropriate level of geometric modeling simplification through thermal zone, typical floor and fenestration in energy analysis for office buildings and they found that the more accurate case is modeling the exterior wall in regarding to internal edge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model Simplification on Energy and Comfort Simulation Analysis for Residential Building Design in Hot and Arid Climate

et al. 2020

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Accurate building physics performance analysis requires time-consuming, detailed modeling, and calculation time requirement. This paper evaluates the impact of model simplifications on thermal and visual comfort as well as energy performance. In the framework of dynamic zonal thermal simulation, a case study of a residential building in hot climate is investigated. A detailed model is created and simplified through four scenarios, by incrementally reducing the number of thermal zones from modeling every space as a separate zone to modeling the building as a single zone. The differences of total energy and comfort performance in the detailed and simplified models are analyzed to evaluate the grade of the simplifications’ accuracy. The results indicate that all simplification scenarios present a marginal average deviation in total energy demand and thermal comfort by less than 20%. Combining rooms with similar thermal features into a zone presents the optimal scenario, while the worst scenario is the single-zone model. Results showed that thermal zone merging as a simulation simplification method has its limitations as well, whereas a too intensive simplification can lead to undesired error rates. The method is well applicable in further early-stage design and development tasks, specifically in large-scale projects.

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Dynamic thermal and hygrometric simulation of historical buildings: Critical factors and possible solutions

Cited by 116 publications

References 130 publications

A Building Life-Cycle Embodied Performance Index—The Relationship between Embodied Energy, Embodied Carbon and Environmental Impact

A Building Life-Cycle Embodied Performance Index—The Relationship between Embodied Energy, Embodied Carbon and Environmental Impact

Analysis of Energy Exchange with the Ground in a Two-Chamber Vegetable Cold Store, Assuming Different Lengths of Technological Break, with the Use of a Numerical Calculation Method—A Case Study

Model Simplification on Energy and Comfort Simulation Analysis for Residential Building Design in Hot and Arid Climate

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