Dynamic switching off algorithms for pico base stations in heterogeneous cellular networks

Abstract

The densification of pico base stations (PBSs) in heterogenous cellular networks (Hetnets) causes redundant energy consumption of the whole network during low traffic periods. In order to address this problem, we take advantage of the traffic load fluctuation over time and area to adapt the necessary resource to the actual traffic demand by introducing sleep mode to the PBSs. To achieve this target, we propose two centralized algorithms (i.e., the heuristic algorithm and the progressive algorithm) in this paper to dynamically switch off the unnecessary PBSs, both of which can track the traffic variation well. We design a utility function of some key factors considered particularly for PBSs in Hetnets. These algorithms rely on the utility function to switch off the redundant PBSs, enabling the working mode of all PBSs be reconfigured periodically. The progressive algorithm is proposed to overcome the inefficiency of the heuristic algorithm. The simulations demonstrate that the execution time of the progressive algorithm is at most one third of that of the heuristic algorithm, which enables the network to respond to the traffic variation more promptly. Besides, the progressive algorithm can switch off more PBSs than the heuristic algorithm while slightly affects the network blocking probability, which indicates that the progressive algorithm has a better potential to save energy. Moreover, simulations also reveal that some key parameters all have nonnegligible influence on the performance of our algorithms. These parameters should be tuned well to trade spare network resource for energy saving.

How to make key 5G wireless technologies environmental friendly: A review

“…() Integrating HetNet deployment with sleep mode schemes can potentially save much energy. () However, new design issues are required when applying the BS switch‐off mechanism to this novel 5G HetNets.…”

Technical advances in the design and deployment of future heterogeneous networks

“…The paper "Dynamic Switching off Algorithms for pico base stations in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks" by Wu et al [9] focuses on the problem of energy consumption in dense HetNets during low traffic periods. It introduces a sleep mode to the pico base stations in order to adapt the resources to the actual traffic load fluctuations over time and area.…”

Green 5G Heterogeneous Networks Through Dynamic Small-Cell Operation

“…The studies in [21]- [23] further exploited this potential and proposed small-cell control algorithms for power saving. However, these studies focused on small-cells only, and proposed to serve users within the small-cells.…”

“…where (a) follows due to the fact that f (x) in (15) increases over x ∈ (0, +∞), and (b) follows due to (21) and the increasing of λ off th (m) over [0, +∞). It is then easy to verify that the HetNet's power consumption can be reduced by turning off the SBS m. Thus, we should deactivate SBS m. Thus, the case with low user density follows.…”