Green 5G Heterogeneous Networks Through Dynamic Small-Cell Operation

Cai, Shijie; Che, Yueling; Duan, Lingjie; Jing, Wang; Zhou, Shidong; Zhang, Rui

doi:10.1109/jsac.2016.2520217

Cited by 139 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Indicative examples for a single-operator HetNet are [10], where open-access femtocells are switched ON and OFF dynamically provided that a power saving UA scheme can reassure the service of UEs and [11], where a distributed graph based game that enables BSs to optimise their switching strategies for energy saving meanwhile guaranteeing the minimum service of their UEs is proposed. In addition, [12] presents a different switching off procedure that is applied to SCs only, depending on the UE distribution within each SC area. In detail, when UE distribution within each SC area is (a) uniform, SCs are switched off dynamically according to their distance from the central eNB and (b) nonuniform, SCs are switched off according to power saving lists that are formatted based on a power saving efficiency indicator Q.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The comparison constitutes a form of biasing on cell selection towards SCs ( |M| ≤ l ≤ |L| ), thanks to the calculation of the re-association cost we present in eq. (12). The re-association scheme of a UE k from a BS l to a BS l includes the following steps:…”

Section: Cooperative Ua Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed CSO algorithm is compared with (i) a full operational network (FON), when all l ∈ L are in active mode and no cooperation scheme exists among MNOs, (ii) an Individual network operation according to the proposed CSO (IndSO), when each MNO n ∈ N individually applies the switching off scheme of CSO, (iii) a random switching off scheme (RSO), when MNOs apply both the switching off and roaming-based network sharing method by switching off half BSs of the united network in a random manner so that the geographic area corresponding to a switched off BS, l ∈ L is covered by the remaining active ones [23] and (iv) a switching off scheme that is based on a power saving efficiency indicator Q and to which we will hereafter refer to as Q-base switching off scheme (QSO) [12]. As QSO is designed for a single- Table I SIMULATION PARAMETER VALUES…”

Section: A Simulation Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Cost Allocation Imposed by Cooperative Switching Off in Multioperator Shared HetNets

Oikonomakou

Antonopoulos

Alonso

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Abstract-The anticipated explosion in the total data traffic load will impose to mobile network operators (MNOs) the necessity to densify their networks to provide coverage. At the same time, since MNOs plan their networks according to their high-peak traffic load, base station underutilization during the low traffic hours raises the issue of unnecessary power consumption and excessive cost. In the present paper, we plan to study the energy and cost efficiency of a heterogeneous network (HetNet) that is a cooperation result of many MNOs. Each MNO is owner of a HetNet, composed of eNodeBs (eNBs) and small cells (SCs) and they cooperate by sharing their infrastructure and by switching off a part of it. BS type and traffic load constitute switching off criteria and a roaming cost based user association scheme is used to roam traffic to neighbouring BSs. We assess the cost alterations created by the possible MNO coalitions and we propose a bankruptcy game to allocate the obtained cost to the cooperative MNOs and to motivate thus them to maintain their sharing agreement instead of following a non-cooperative tactic. The bankruptcy game uses Shapley Value to portray each MNO's contribution to cost savings. The MNOs' satisfaction from their payoffs (i.e., the allocated cost) and the overall fairness of the method are evaluated. According to the extracted results, the proposed switching off scheme achieves significant improvement of energy efficiency for the studied network, while the proposed bankruptcy game achieves a balanced and satisfactory cost allocation for different MNO traffic loads.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cooperative Ua Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Simulation Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating Cost Allocation Imposed by Cooperative Switching Off in Multioperator Shared HetNets

Oikonomakou

Antonopoulos

Alonso

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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“…In [18], the authors propose a joint BS on/off switching and user association algorithm in order to maximize the energy efficiency, based on the time-and space-dependent traffic load in massive MIMO heterogeneous networks. In [19], the authors change the on/off states of small cell BSs dynamically based on UE distribution. In uniform UE distribution, small cell BSs are turned off with the ascending order of the distance with the macro cell BS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Performance Evaluation of a Context Information-Based Optimized Handover Scheme in 5G Networks

Seo

Chung

2017

Entropy

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Abstract:Recently, green networks are considered as one of the hottest topics in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), especially in mobile communication networks. In a green network, energy saving of network nodes such as base stations (BSs), switches, and servers should be achieved efficiently. In this paper, we consider a heterogeneous network architecture in 5G networks with separated data and control planes, where basically a macro cell manages control signals and a small cell manages data traffic. Then, we propose an optimized handover scheme based on context information such as reference signal received power, speed of user equipment (UE), traffic load, call admission control level, and data type. In this paper, the main objective of the proposed optimal handover is either to reduce the number of handovers or the total energy consumption of BSs. To this end, we develop optimization problems with either the minimization of the number of total handovers or the minimization of energy consumption of BSs as the objective function of the optimization problem. The solution of the optimization problem is obtained by particle swarm optimization, since the developed optimization problem is an NP hard problem. Performance analysis results via simulation based on various probability distributions of the characteristics of UE and BS show that the proposed optimized handover based on context information performs better than the previous call admission control based handover scheme, from the perspective of the number of handovers and total energy consumption. We also show that the proposed handover scheme can efficiently reduce either the number of handovers or the total energy consumption by applying either handover minimization or energy minimization depending on the objective of the application.

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“…In [21], the authors proposed a joint BS on/off switching and user association algorithm for energy efficiency maximization. In [22], the on/off states of small cell BSs are controlled based on two uniform and non-uniform distributions of UEs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Efficient Energy Saving Scheme for Base Stations in 5G Networks with Separated Data and Control Planes Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Kang

Chung

2017

Energies

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Abstract:Reducing energy consumption of mobile communication networks has gained significant attentions since it takes a major part of the total energy consumption of information and communication technology (ICT). In this paper, we consider 5G networks with heterogeneous macro cells and small cells, where data and control planes are separated. We consider two types of data traffic, i.e., low rate data traffic and high rate data traffic. In basic separation architecture, a macro cell base station (MBS) manages control signals, while a small cell base station (SBS) manages both low rate data traffic and high rate data traffic. In the considered modified separation architecture, an MBS manages control signals and low rate data traffic, while an SBS manages high rate data traffic. Then, an efficient energy saving scheme for base stations (BSs) is proposed, where the state of a BS is determined depending on the number of user equipments (UEs) that request high rate data traffic and the number of UEs that exist under the overlapping areas commonly covered by the considered BS and the neighbor BSs. We formulate an optimization problem for the proposed energy saving scheme and obtain the solution using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Numerical results show that the proposed energy saving scheme in the modified separated network architecture has better energy efficiency compared to the conventional energy saving schemes in both basic and modified separated network architectures. Also, the proposed energy saving scheme has lower aggregate delay.

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Green 5G Heterogeneous Networks Through Dynamic Small-Cell Operation

Cited by 139 publications

References 32 publications

Evaluating Cost Allocation Imposed by Cooperative Switching Off in Multioperator Shared HetNets

Evaluating Cost Allocation Imposed by Cooperative Switching Off in Multioperator Shared HetNets

Modeling and Performance Evaluation of a Context Information-Based Optimized Handover Scheme in 5G Networks

An Efficient Energy Saving Scheme for Base Stations in 5G Networks with Separated Data and Control Planes Using Particle Swarm Optimization

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