Dynamic observation of Si crystal growth on a Si(111)7×7 surface by high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

Real-time X-ray study of roughness scaling in the initial growth of epitaxial BaTiO3/LaNiO3 superlattices

“…This phenomenon was ob- A difficulty in applying a kinetic roughening model to explain the experimental results arises from the substrate effect. The substrate morphology plays an important role in the evolution of surface roughness during deposition of ultra-thin films [23]. Especially in heteroepitaxial deposition, with a thickness less than the critical value, the substrate effects are more problematic because strain is present from the lattice-mismatch between the substrate and the overlayer films.…”

Formation and healing of defects at theSi(111)7×7surface under low-energy ion bombardment

“…However, 400 K is too low to cause the adatom's detachment from the step. 15 To understand this result, we analyzed the temperature dependence with a rate equation using the surface density of adatoms n. ͑1͒ Sputtering of the surface adatoms with the incident ions and ͑2͒ the supply of additional adatoms from the step edge can contribute to the change of adatom density n. In addition to these processes, ͑3͒ thermal desorption of adatoms and ͑4͒ absorption of adatoms into the step edge can change the surface adatom density. During bombardment, vacancy and interstitial Si atoms are generated by the collision cascade under the surface.…”

Strain-dependent surface evolution and magneto-transport properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 epilayers on SrTiO3 substrates

“…Additionally, film surface morphology is critical to the epitaxy of ferromagnetic manganites because of their potential applications in spin devices or magnetic tunneling junctions. The evolution of surface morphology during crystal growth has been studied extensively both theoretically and experimentally [8][9][10], but rigorously treating kinetic roughening, which is a highly nonequilibrium phenomenon, is difficult, mainly because the complex growth conditions in real systems are far from the idealized conditions assumed in most theoretical calculations [11,12]. Understanding the effect of lattice strain on the evolution of surface morphology of La 0.7 Sr 0.…”