Dyadic Dimensions of Armed Conflict, 1946—2007

Harbom, Lotta; Melander, Erik; Wallensteen, Peter

doi:10.1177/0022343308094331

Cited by 226 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…6 We base our sample on the groups included in the Uppsala Conflict Data Program's (UCDP) Dyadic Dataset (Harbom, Melander & Wallensteen, 2007). 7 Relevant information on women's participation in rebel groups was collected through an extensive search of news reports, academic accounts, and international and nongovernmental organization reports.…”

Section: Data On Female Fightersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women on the frontline

Wood

Thomas

2017

Journal of Peace Research

118

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Despite the frequent participation of women in armed groups, few studies have sought to explain the variation in their roles across different rebellions. Herein, we investigate this variation. We argue that the political ideology a group adopts plays a central role in determining the extent of women's participation, particularly their deployment in combat roles. Specifically, we link variations in women's roles in armed groups to differences in beliefs about gender hierarchies and gender-based divisions of labor inherent in the specific ideologies the groups adopt. We evaluate hypotheses drawn from these arguments using a novel cross-sectional dataset on female combatants in a global sample of rebel organizations active between 1979 and 2009. We find that the presence of a Marxist-oriented 'leftist' ideology increases the prevalence of female fighters while Islamist ideologies exert the opposite effect. However, we find little evidence that nationalism exerts an independent influence on women's combat roles. We also note a general inverse relationship between group religiosity and the prevalence of female fighters. Our analysis demonstrates that political ideology plays a central role in determining whether and to what extent resistance movements incorporate female fighters into their armed wings.

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Section: Data On Female Fightersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women on the frontline

Wood

Thomas

2017

Journal of Peace Research

118

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“…Hypothesis 2 focuses on insurgent violence against civilians. Our dependent variable in this analysis is a dyadic indicator recording the count of civilians killed by each rebel group in a civil conflict year (Harbom, Melander, and Wallensteen 2008). 3 This results in 820 dyad-year observations, including 203 rebel groups in 114 conflicts, across 70 states.…”

Section: Dependent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Civilianizing Civil Conflict: Civilian Defense Militias and the Logic of Violence in Intrastate Conflict

Clayton¹,

Thomson²

2016

int stud q

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This article examines how civilian defense militias shape violence during civil war. We define civilian defense forces as a sedentary and defensive form of pro-government militia that incumbents often use to harness the participation of civilians during a counterinsurgency campaign. We argue that civilian defense forces reduce the problem of insurgent identification. This leads to a reduction in state violence against civilians. However, we also claim that these actors undermine civilian support for insurgents, which leads to an increase

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“…If more than one rebel group is active in a conflict, several dyads are recorded. For more information about the dyadic dimension of armed conflict, see Harbom, Melander & Wallensteen (2008). The UCDP Dyadic Dataset can be downloaded from http:// www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/datasets/ucdp_dyadic_dataset/.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Armed conflicts, 1946–2014

Pettersson

Wallensteen

2015

Journal of Peace Research

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456

224

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In 2014, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) recorded 40 armed conflicts with a minimum of 25 battlerelated deaths, up by six from 2013. This is the highest number of conflicts reported since 1999, and 11 of these conflicts were defined as wars, that is, conflicts generating 1,000 or more battle-related deaths in one calendar year. Further, an escalation of several conflicts, coupled with the extreme violence in Syria, resulted in the highest number of battlerelated deaths in the post-1989 period. Yet, compared to the large-scale interstate wars of the 20th century, the number of fatalities caused by armed conflicts in 2014 was relatively low. Additionally, seven conflicts identified in 2013 were no longer active in 2014. However, four new conflicts erupted in 2014, all of them in Ukraine, and three previously registered conflicts were restarted by new actors. Furthermore, six conflicts reoccurred with previously registered actors. A positive development, however, is the increase to ten of the number of peace agreements concluded and signed in 2014, which represents a further four compared with 2013. And although this increase is part of a positive trend since 2011, it is worth noting that several peace processes remained fragile by the end of the year.

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Dyadic Dimensions of Armed Conflict, 1946—2007

Cited by 226 publications

References 7 publications

Women on the frontline

Women on the frontline

Civilianizing Civil Conflict: Civilian Defense Militias and the Logic of Violence in Intrastate Conflict

Armed conflicts, 1946–2014

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