Durations of the photoperiod-sensitive and -insensitive phases of time to panicle initiation in sorghum

Alagarswamy, G.; Reddy, D. Mallikarjuna; Swaminathan, G.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4290(97)00039-7

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Magalhães et al (2000) reported that sowing delays and low temperatures may decrease metabolic activities and thus plants may extend their cycle. Therefore, it can be inferred that this material is sensitive to photoperiodic variations, what was already found by Paul (1990) and Alagarswamy et al (1998).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Biomass production and accumulation of nutrients in shoots of Giant Guinea sorghum plants

Mateus¹,

Borghi²,

Castro³

et al. 2011

Rev. Ciênc. Agron.

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-Choosing species with high phytomass production to be cropped in no tillage system is extremely important in dry winter regions. The purpose of this research was to study plant biomass production and accumulation of nutrients in shoots of Giant Guinea sorghum plants (Sorghum bicolor subspecies bicolor race Guinea) sown in different sowing dates. A randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replications was performed. Treatments consisted of six sowing dates (09/25/2000; 10/25/2000; 11/24/2000; 12/22/2000; 02/22/2001 and 04/03/2001). At flowering, dry matter production, number and diameter of stems and plant height were evaluated. Macro and micronutrient levels and accumulation were determined as well as C/N ratio. Plant cycle decreased as sowing date was delayed and, consequently, dry matter production and C/N ratio decreased as well. The opposite was observed for nutrient contents. "Giant Guinea" sorghum is sensitive to photoperiod thus late sowing reduces plant development, which leads to low biomass production and nutrient accumulation. "Giant Guinea" sorghum cultivated as cover crop is a good option when implementing no tillage system due to high dry matter production and N, P, and K recycling. Key words -Sorghum bicolor. Sowing date. Cover crop. No tillage.Resumo -A escolha de espécies com elevada produção de fitomassa para utilização como plantas de cobertura no sistema de semeadura direta é extremamente importante em regiões de inverno seco. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de fitomassa e acúmulo de nutrientes na parte aérea das plantas de sorgo Guiné gigante (Sorghum bicolor subespécie bicolor raça guinea), semeados em diferentes épocas de semeadura. Foi utilizado um delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por seis épocas de semeadura (25/09/2000; 25/10/2000; 24/11/2000; 22/12/2000; 22/02/2001 e 03/04/2001). Por ocasião do florescimento das plantas, avaliou-se a produção de matéria seca, o número e diâmetro de colmos e a altura das plantas. Também foi determinado o teor e acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes, além da relação C/N. O ciclo das plantas diminuiu com o atraso da época de semeadura, e, conseqüentemente, a produção de matéria seca e a relação C/N também foram menores. Comportamento contrário foi observado para o teor de nutrientes. O sorgo de Guiné gigante é sensível ao fotoperíodo e, portanto, semeaduras mais tardias ocasionam diminuição do crescimento das plantas, produção de biomassa e acúmulo de nutrientes. Esta espécie consiste em uma boa opção para cultivo como planta de cobertura no sistema de semeadura direta devido a alta produção de fitomassa e ciclagem de N, P e K.Palavras-chave -Sorghum bicolor. Época de semeadura. Planta de cobertura. Plantio direto.*Autor para correspondência 1 Recebido para publicação em 24/08/2010; aprovado em 31/05/2011 Parte da tese de doutorado do primeiro autor, financiada pela FAPESP

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Biomass production and accumulation of nutrients in shoots of Giant Guinea sorghum plants

Mateus¹,

Borghi²,

Castro³

et al. 2011

Rev. Ciênc. Agron.

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“…These distinct behaviors are due to differences in the model parameterization of sorghum's photoperiod sensitivity. Sorghum is a short‐day plant; i.e., it develops more rapidly on short days [ Major , ], and this photoperiod sensitivity usually occurs prior to floral initiation [ Alagarswamy et al , ]. APSIM adopts a linear relationship between plant thermal requirements (i.e., growing degree day, GDD) and day length [ Kumar et al , ] and uses field phenology observation to calibrate the parameters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What aspects of future rainfall changes matter for crop yields in West Africa?

Guan

Sultan

Biasutti

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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How rainfall arrives, in terms of its frequency, intensity, the timing and duration of rainy season, may have a large influence on rainfed agriculture. However, a thorough assessment of these effects is largely missing. This study combines a new synthetic rainfall model and two independently validated crop models (APSIM and SARRA‐H) to assess sorghum yield response to possible shifts in seasonal rainfall characteristics in West Africa. We find that shifts in total rainfall amount primarily drive the rainfall‐related crop yield change, with less relevance to intraseasonal rainfall features. However, dry regions (total annual rainfall below 500 mm/yr) have a high sensitivity to rainfall frequency and intensity, and more intense rainfall events have greater benefits for crop yield than more frequent rainfall. Delayed monsoon onset may negatively impact yields. Our study implies that future changes in seasonal rainfall characteristics should be considered in designing specific crop adaptations in West Africa.

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“…Sorghum phenology is modeled by recognizing a series of phases delimited by stages that include seedling emergence, end of juvenile phase (phase when plants are insensitive to photoperiod; Alagarswamy et al, 1998), panicle initiation, end of leaf expansion, anthesis, and physiological maturity (Table 2). Phenology is simulated in the routine SG_PHENOL.FOR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of CERES–Sorghum as Implemented in the Cropping System Model Version 4.5

et al. 2015

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Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the fi ft h most important grain crop globally. It stands out for its diversity of plant types, end-uses, and roles in cropping systems. Th is diversity presents opportunities but also complicates evaluation of production options, especially under climate uncertainty. Ecophysiological models can dissect interacting eff ects of plant genotypes, crop management, and environment. We describe the sorghum module of the Cropping System Model (CSM) as implemented in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) to illustrate potential applications and suggest areas for model improvement. Crop growth is simulated based on radiation use effi ciency. Development responds to temperature and photoperiod. Partitioning rules vary with growth stages, respecting mass balance and maintaining functional equilibrium between roots and shoots. Routines for climate, soil, crop management, and model controls are shared with other crops in CSM. Modeled responses for eight real-world and hypothetical cases are presented. Th ese include growth under well-managed conditions, responses to row-spacing, population, sowing date, irrigation, defoliation, and increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO 2 ]), and a long-term sorghum and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation. Among traits and experiments considered, model accuracy was high for phenology (r 2 = 0.96, P < 0.01 for anthesis and r 2 = 0.91, P < 0.01 for maturity), moderate for grain yields (r 2 values from 0.30 to 0.52, P < 0.01), depending on the simulated experiments, and low for unit grain weight (r 2 = 0.02, not signifi cant, NS) and leaf area index for forage sorghum (r 2 = 0.18, NS). V alued for its heat and drought tolerance, sorghum is the fi ft h most important grain crop globally aft er wheat, rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (FAOSTAT, 2015). Among cereal crops, sorghum stands out for its diversity of plant types, cropping systems, growing environment, and end-uses (Dahlberg et al., 2011). Sorghum is variously grown to provide grain, forage, sugar, and bioenergy feedstocks, and crop architecture and other traits vary accordingly. While this diversity presents opportunities, it complicates attempts to assess potential impacts of innovations, especially as aff ected by climate uncertainty.Th e CSM (Jones et al., 2003) as implemented in the DSSAT has submodels that allow simulation of more than 25 crop species, including sorghum (Hoogenboom et al., 2011). Th e sorghum submodule uses shared routines for model control (including input and output), soil physical and chemical processes, evapotranspiration, and all aspects of crop management including tillage, planting, fertilization, irrigation, mulching, and other practices. Eight subroutines describe sorghum-specifi c crop processes. Th e shared routines simplify model improvement and simulating cropping sequences and rotations with diff erent crops and management practices. While based on the widelyused Crop ...

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Durations of the photoperiod-sensitive and -insensitive phases of time to panicle initiation in sorghum

Cited by 26 publications

References 25 publications

Biomass production and accumulation of nutrients in shoots of Giant Guinea sorghum plants

Biomass production and accumulation of nutrients in shoots of Giant Guinea sorghum plants

What aspects of future rainfall changes matter for crop yields in West Africa?

An Overview of CERES–Sorghum as Implemented in the Cropping System Model Version 4.5

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