Duration of effects of benomyl on growth and wilt (Verticillium dahliae) development in the strawberry, cv. Cambridge Vigour, in relation to time of inoculation

Talboys, P. W.; Frick, E. L.; Davies, Moira K.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1975.tb01646.x

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…This consisted of equal parts of sieved, partially sterilised (with chloropicrin) field soil and peat-based compost containing V, dahliae. The compost was infested with V, dahliae by thoroughly mixing in a blend of straw cultures of five strawberry isolates (Talboys et al,, 1975), from which coarse material had been removed by sieving (2-mm mesh). The infested soil was stored in a polythene bag in an external store subject to fluctuating temperature conditions.…”

Section: Preliminary Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The detection and estimation of Verticillium dahliae in naturally infested soil

1993

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The effects of several factors on the estimation of Verticillium dahliae in soil by the wet-sieving method were studied. The following factors were important for maximising recovery: the removal of soil particles of < 20 nm size from suspensions before plating; the medium used for plating; the amount of sieved soil inoculated to plates; the length of time of incubating plates; and the method of incubating soil on plates. There was no short-term effect of air-drying soil before analysis. Using sodium hexametaphosphate to aid soil dispersion, treating soi) suspensions with sodium hypochlorite. or making suspensions from different amounts of soil had no consistent effect on recovery. Excessive sample-to-sample variability in the results of some experiments was attributed to non-random distribution of fungus propagules in soil, or to the difficulty of standardizing the sieving part of the analysis, or both. Wet-sieving was generally more effective in detecting I'. dahliae and gave higher counts than a sucroseflotation method. Bait methods with eggplants or antirrhinums proved ineffective for estimating V. dahliae in naturally infested soil.

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Section: Preliminary Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The detection and estimation of Verticillium dahliae in naturally infested soil

1993

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“…Plant growth. In general the mean volume per plant reached the highest values under treatments which gave the best control of the disease, but there were indications that the larger doses of benomyl caused a slight initial retardation of growth (see also Talboys et al 1975); nevertheless, the final plant size under these treatments was no less than with other effective treatments. The overall effect of the uncontrolled disease was a limitation of plant size, the formation of new leaves being countered by necrosis of the older ones; chemical treatments which controlled the disease led to progressive increases in plant size until September.…”

Section: Comparisons Of Benomyl Thiophanate Methyl and Triarimol Expmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Talboys & Davies (1976) have shown that mycelium of the pathogen can remain viable after standing for at least 16 wk in a 20 ppm solution of benomyl at either 18 or 23 "C. It is for this reason that pathogenesis is resumed in an infected benomyl-treated plant as soon as the concentration of the chemical falls below the inhibitory level, as was demonstrated by the mid-October bioassays. Talboys et al (1975) emphasized that the concentration of benomyl in the vascular fluids of the host plant cannot exceed that of a saturated solution in soil water, and is unlikely to approach that level. Laboratory studies by Talboys & Davies (1976) have shown that it is possible to select variants of the pathogen which will grow normally in the presence of 12 ppm benomyl, whereas most 'wild type' isolates are inhibited at 0-5 ppm.…”

Section: Crop Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiments described in this and related papers (Talboys, Frick & Davies, 1975; Talboys & Davies, 1976) have been concerned with the selection of a suitable chemical for the control of strawberry wilt, and with relations between dose, time and method of treatment, to provide simple, effective and economical regimes for the control of the disease in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systemic fungicides in the control of strawberry wilt (Verticillium dahliae)

Talboys¹,

Frick²,

Davies³

1976

Annals of Applied Biology

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S U M M A R YIn a series of experiments between 1970 and 1973 the application of benomyl or thiophanate methyl to field-grown strawberries, planted on Verticillium-infested land, gave control of wilt for up to 5 months, the duration of control being related to the amount of fungicide applied in the spring. Treatment of inoculated plants grown on in chloropicrin-fumigated soil was effective for at least two seasons.An autumn-planted multi-factorial experiment in heavily-infested soil showed that, to achieve maximum wilt control, it was advantageous to grow cv. Gorella rather than cv. Cambridge Vigour; to drench the runners at planting rather than to dip them in the fungicide suspension; and to use a high concentration (0-075 yo a.i.) and large volume (600 ml per plant) for a supplementary treatment in May rather than a lower concentration (0.025y0) or smaller volume (400 ml). There were small but significant advantages in applying benomyl rather than thiophanate methyl, and in using 0-2 yo a.i. suspension at planting rather than 0.05 yo. No advantage was gained by dividing the spring application into two equal doses applied 2 wk apart. Extrapolation from the logarithmic relation between wilt index and total dose of fungicide applied in the spring suggested that 1.1 g/plant would have given almost complete control until October ; such control had been achieved in an earlier experiment in which 1.2 g/plant was applied. Crop yield in the second year was determined by the treatment applied in the first year, but although these treatments had given significantly better control of wilt in Gorella than in Cambridge Vigour, the greater growth and yield potentials of the latter cultivar had an over-riding effect on crop production; Cambridge Vigour yielded more than Gorella under all chemical treatments, but in the absence of treatment Gorella gave a larger crop than Cambridge Vigour.A proposed regime, entailing spring and autumn applications, is aimed at minimizing the colonization of the plant throughout the year, thus reducing the production of new inoculum and, by limiting the quantity of the pathogen in contact with the systemic chemicals, minimizing the probability of selecting fungicide-resistant variants of V. ddliae.

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“…

Numerous papers describe the high toxicity of benomyl and related fungicides to Verticillium albo-atrum and V. dahliae in vitro and their effectiveness as systemic fungicides in controlling vascular wilts caused by these pathogens (e.g. BoLLEN and FUCHS 1970, ERWIN et al 1968, TALBOYS et al 1975. This effectiveness may be limited in practice by the appearance of insensitive strains whidi will grow in concentrations of the fungicides much higher than those which prevent growth of sensitive strains.

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confidence: 99%