Single doses of benomyl, 0.4 g/plant in 1972 or 0.04 g in 1973, were applied in IOO ml water to the surface of the soil in 12.5 cm pots containing Cambridge Vigour strawberry plants, either before inoculation with Verticillium dahliae or at various times up to 56 days afterwards. Pre-inoculation treatments were terminated by washing the potting medium from the roots at the time of inoculation and their effects on pathogenesis and growth were relatively small. Post-inoculation treatments with benomyl prevented or suspended pathogenesis for at least as long as fungistatic activity could be detected in petiole segments by bioassay; this was for more than 150 days after the larger dose, 5-60 days after the smaller dose applied 7-28 days after inoculation and 30 days when applied 56 days after inoculation.There were no consistent differences in the uptake and persistence of benomyl in inoculated and non-inoculated plants.Early post-inoculation treatment caused some retardation of plant growth, but benomyl-treated inoculated plants were generally comparable in size with similarly treated non-inoculated ones, and much larger than untreated inoculated plants.Increasing the dose of benomyl applied to the soil apparently had little influence on the intensity of its effects but greatly increased their duration, probably because of the low solubility of the systemic chemical.
SUMMARYMixtures of methyl esters of fatty acids (‘Off‐Shoot O’) and mixtures of fatty alcohols (‘Off‐Shoot T’), applied during the late autumn (November), eradicated apple powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera leucotricha) from infected buds. Applications in the spring at bud‐burst were less effective.The autumn sprays caused little damage to the cultivars Bramley's Seedling, Cox's Orange Pippin and Golden Delicious but on Worcester Pearmain 50% of the buds were killed by a 5% Off‐Shoot O spray. The bud‐burst sprays were damaging and reduced yield on the Cox and Bramley trees.A 5% a.i. mixture of nonanol/lissapol applied to a range of commercial cultivars was effective in eradicating powdery mildew but was more phytotoxic than the Off‐Shoot compounds. Spraying Cox trees later in the winter failed to reduce the damage.Eradication of the overwintering stage of the disease resulted in low spore concentrations during the following spring and early summer, enabling some economies to be made in the summer mildew fungicide programme.
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