Durable Flame-Retardant Treatments for Blends of Cotton, Wool, and Polyester

Abstract

Durable flame-retardant treatments based on a vinyl phosphonate oligomer or Thps were applied to cotton, cotton/polyester, cotton/wool, and cotton/polyester/wool medium-weight twill fabrics. The treatments were applied by either a pad, dry, cure process or a two-step procedure consisting of a pad, dry, cure application of DMDHEU followed by a Thps-NH 3 cure process. Flammability of the treated fabrics was evaluated by a number of tests, including burning rate, vertical char length, oxygen index, and a flame-extinguishment test. Physical properties were determined by standard tests to measure breaking strength, wrinkle recovery, stiffness, durablepress rating and shrinkage due to laundering. Cotton/wool blend fabrics treated with Thps-urea-TM M had the best flame-retardant properties. B

Novel flame retardant finishing systems for cotton fabrics based on phosphorus-containing compounds and silica derived from sol–gel processes

“…Flame retardancy properties are evaluated through flammability tests, such as Limiting Oxygen Index (Beninate, Trask, & Drake, 1981;Cheng & Yang, 2009;Cullis, Hirschler, & Madden, 1992;Tian et al, 1999;Wu & Yang, 2006Yang & Wu, 2003a, 2003b, vertical flame tests (based on ASTM D1230) (Liodakis, Fetsis, & Agioviasitis, 2009;Mostashari & Baie, 2008;Mostashari & Baie, 2009;Mostashari & Fayyaz, 2008) or others standards (Wu & Yang, 2008). Such tests have also been performed on cotton blends (Li et al, 2010;; in any case, they can provide only partial information concerning the burning behaviour of a polymeric material.…”

Thermal properties and combustion behavior of POSS‐ and bohemite‐finished cotton fabrics

“…In the literature, several papers on the flammability properties of both neat and treated cotton follow ASTM D 2863-70 standard and discuss data based on LOI determination. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] As an alternative, some authors indicate the use of adifferent vertical test developed and set up by Mostashari et al [29][30][31][32] (ASTM D1230-94). With the introduction of such a sophisticated calorimetric instrumentation for testing polymers as the cone calorimeter based on oxygen consumption, the measure of the main combustion parameters [time to ignition (TTI), total heat release and heat release rate (HRR), and corresponding peak] has become feasible 7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][33][34][35][36] , thus allowing to complete the characterization of the combustion behavior for the textile substrates.…”

Flame‐retardant viscose–polyester fabrics

“…2*20, 21 This relates to larger amounts of flammable pyrolyze gases which are acting as fuels. In this study the DSC data indicate a lower (3-9°C) decomposition temperature of modal viscose when blended with FR polyesters.…”