Novel flame retardant finishing systems for cotton fabrics based on phosphorus-containing compounds and silica derived from sol–gel processes

Alongi, Jenny; Ciobanu, Mădălina; Malucelli, Giulio

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.03.024

Cited by 186 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Considering the residual masses obtained after heating the flax fibres up to 500 C, it can be noticed that the highest amount (47%) of residual char belonged to the PSil-treated fibres. These observations can be attributed to the well-known synergistic effect of P and Si atoms [27,28]. Based on the observed significant char promoting effect of PSil, advantageous influence was expected on the flame retardant properties of PSil-treated fibres and their composites as well.…”

Section: Table 2 Comparison Of the Flammability Characteristics Of Tpmentioning

confidence: 92%

Flax fibre reinforced PLA/TPS biocomposites flame retarded with multifunctional additive system

Bocz

Szolnoki

Marosi

et al. 2014

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Fully biodegradable composites were developed, possessing prominent mechanical performance and reduced flammability at the same time. The manufactured composites consisted of PLA/TPS biopolymer *Corresponding author: tel: +36 1-463-3654, e-mail: gmarosi@mail.bme.hu, address: Budafoki út 8, Budapest, 1111, Hungary matrices reinforced with chopped flax fibres. The flammability of the prepared biocomposites was reduced by a newly synthesized multifunctional additive system. Glycerol phosphate (GP), a plasticizer of starch with flame retardant potential, and a novel phosphorous-silane (PSil), applied as a surface treating agent of the reinforcing biofibres, were successfully combined in order to reduce the flammability of the prepared biocomposites. Owing to the beneficial effect of the applied multifunctional additive system, a loading of as low as 10 wt% of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) proved to be sufficient to provide prominent levels of flame retardancy to the composites, i.e. V-0 rating according to UL94, 33 vol% LOI and a 40% reduction of heat emission were achieved. Furthermore, the combined application of the surface treated reinforcing flax fibres and plasticizer in the biodegradable, flame retarded biocomposites resulted in well-balanced strength and stiffness.

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Section: Table 2 Comparison Of the Flammability Characteristics Of Tpmentioning

confidence: 92%

Flax fibre reinforced PLA/TPS biocomposites flame retarded with multifunctional additive system

Bocz

Szolnoki

Marosi

et al. 2014

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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show abstract

“…Flame retardant additive Exolit® OP1312 consisting of a mixture of aluminium diethyl phosphinate (AlPi), melamine polyphosphate (MPP), zinc and boron oxide (ZnB) [18] was provided by Clariant International Ltd. The SEBS elastomer Kraton FG1901 G was provided by Kraton Polymers, Inc. Montmorillonite (MMT) organoclay Cloisite 30B was provided by Southern Clay Products.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Extinguishing and Non-Drip Flame Retardant Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite: Mechanical, Thermal, and Combustion Behavior

Ortiz

Correa

et al. 2018

Flame Retardancy and Thermal Stability of Materials

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Incorporation of flame-retardant (FR) additives and nanoclay fillers into thermoplastic polymers effectively suppresses materials flammability and melt dripping behavior. However, it largely affects other properties, such as toughness and ductility. In order to recover the lost toughness and ductility of flame retardant polyamide 6, various loadings of maleic anhydride modified SEBS elastomer were added and processed by twin screw extrusion. TEM images showed exfoliated nanoclay platelets and reveals that the clay platelets well dispersed in the polymer matrix. By balancing the ratio of flame retardants, nanoclay and elastomers, formulation with elongation at break as high as 76% was achieved. Combining conventional intumescent FR and nanoclay, UL-94 V-0 rating and the LOI value as high as 32.2 were achieved. In conclusion, effective self-extinguishing and non-drip polyamide 6 nanocomposite formulations with significant improvement in toughness and ductility were achieved.

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“…Synergistic effects were also proven for sol-gel-derived coatings deposited on cotton fabrics and doped with different phosphoric acid sources, namely: aluminum phosphinate, a mixture of aluminum phosphinate, melamine poly(phosphate), zinc, and boron oxide, or ZrP nano-platelets [51]. In particular, it was possible to significantly increase TTI (from 14, for untreated cotton, to 40 s) and the limiting oxygen index (LOI, from 19%, for untreated cotton, to 30%) simply by mixing the sol-gel precursor with 5 wt % of the abovementioned phosphorus-based compounds.…”

Section: Phosphorus-doped Sol-gel Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Engineered Fire Protective Coatings for Fabrics through Sol-Gel and Layer-by-Layer Methods: An Overview

Malucelli

2016

Coatings

Self Cite

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Fabric flammability is a surface-confined phenomenon: in fact, the fabric surface represents the most critical region, through which the mass and heat transfers, responsible for fueling the flame, are controlled and exchanged with the surroundings. More specifically, the heat the fabric surface is exposed to is transferred to the bulk, from which volatile products of thermal degradation diffuse toward the surface and the gas phase, hence feeding the flame. As a consequence, the chemical and physical characteristics of the fabric surface considerably affect the ignition and combustion processes, as the surface influences the flux of combustible volatile products toward the gas phase. In this context, it is possible to significantly modify (and improve) the fire performance of textile materials by "simply" tailoring their surface: currently, one of the most effective approaches exploits the deposition of tailored coatings able to slow down the heat and mass transfer phenomena occurring during the fire stages. This paper reviews the current state of the art related to the design of inorganic, hybrid, or organic flame-retardant coatings suitable for the fire protection of different fabric substrates (particularly referring to cotton, polyester, and their blends). More specifically, the use of sol-gel and layer-by-layer (LbL) methods is thoroughly discussed; then, some recent examples of flame retardant coatings are presented, showing their potential advances and their current limitations.

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Novel flame retardant finishing systems for cotton fabrics based on phosphorus-containing compounds and silica derived from sol–gel processes

Cited by 186 publications

References 34 publications

Flax fibre reinforced PLA/TPS biocomposites flame retarded with multifunctional additive system

Flax fibre reinforced PLA/TPS biocomposites flame retarded with multifunctional additive system

Self-Extinguishing and Non-Drip Flame Retardant Polyamide 6 Nanocomposite: Mechanical, Thermal, and Combustion Behavior

Surface-Engineered Fire Protective Coatings for Fabrics through Sol-Gel and Layer-by-Layer Methods: An Overview

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