SynopsisPreliminary thermal studies were made of cotton fabrics which had been made flame resistant by chemical modification or by blending with a flame-resistant modified acrylic fiber. DTA and TGA thermograms were made in both nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres. Differences were found in the thermograms of the untreated controls, depending upon amount of purification. Fabrics treated with the flame-retardant formulations had lower decomposition temperatures and higher percent residue. Decomposition in oxygen was more complete and proceeded a t a lower temperature. Infrared spectra of selected samples, which had been partially or completely charred, were examined. These data are related to theories about the degradation of flame-resistant cotton fabrics.
synopsisThe flame retardation mechanisms for cellulose treated with systems based on aromatic phosphates and phosphoramides have been investigated through pyrolysis studies on cellulose and related model compounds. Pyrolysis of cellulose treated with phosphates or phosphoramides proceeds through formation of cellulose phosphate or phosphoramide esters, followed by subsequent ester pyrolysis to yield a dehydrated cellulose char. Formation of phosphoramides during pyrolysis of flame retardants containing phosphorus and nitrogen constitutes a possible basis for reported phosphorus-nitrogen synergistic effects observed in commercial flame retardants. Efficiency of ester formation is higher, and subsequent pyrolysis is lower for phosphoramides than for phosphate esters. The build-up of a thermally stable crosslinked matrix in the residue occurs on pyrolysis of cellulose treated with phosphoramides. Such crosslinking seems to be effective in enhancing flame retardation.
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