Duality Between Uplink Local and Downlink Whole-Body Exposures in Operating Networks

Gati, Azeddine; Conil, Emmanuelle; Wong, M.F.; Wiart, Joe

doi:10.1109/temc.2010.2066978

Cited by 40 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Table I). The value P max Tx of 23 dBm for UMTS is also stated in [9] and is confirmed by measurements with the device. For WiFi, SAR max 10g for a UMTS radiated power P max Tx of 20 dBm is 0.049 W/kg (see Table I).…”

Section: B Uplink: Localized Sar Modelsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…It was shown in [4] that it is fair to assume that the received and transmitted powers are uniformly distributed, with the same E and SAR value for each location inside the building. Based on [9], it was also shown in [4] that different macrocell scenarios can be simulated by relating a 1 dB higher received signal power (higher E) to a 1 dB lower transmitted power by the device (lower SAR), due to power control. These different macrocell scenarios then each represent a building located closer or further from a UMTS macrocell.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the calculation of the localized SAR 10g [W/kg], the following equation is used [9], [10]. Table I).…”

Section: B Uplink: Localized Sar Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For UL WiFi traffic, P Tx will be assumed equal to the product of P max (20 dBm or 0.1 W) and the duty cycle (2% [8]) (no power control). For UL UMTS to femtocell, the mobile phone's emitted power P Tx will be predicted by the WHIPP tool (limited between -57 dBm and 23 dBm [9]). P Tx will depend on the connection quality and the base station sensitivity.…”

Section: B Uplink: Localized Sar Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Downlink electric-field and uplink SAR prediction algorithm in indoor wireless network planner

David

Joseph

Vanhecke

et al. 2014

The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014)

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Abstract-A heuristic network calculator for both downlinkand uplink-induced exposure in indoor wireless networks is applied to two indoor environments for three phone call scenarios: UMTS macrocell, UMTS femtocell, WiFi voice-over-IP. The electric-field strength due to downlink and localized SAR distributions due to uplink are evaluated. Dependent on the building location relative to existing macrocells and on the user's phone call duration, different configurations might be preferential from an exposure point of view.

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Section: B Uplink: Localized Sar Modelsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the calculation of the localized SAR 10g [W/kg], the following equation is used [9], [10]. Table I).…”

Section: B Uplink: Localized Sar Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Uplink: Localized Sar Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Downlink electric-field and uplink SAR prediction algorithm in indoor wireless network planner

David

Joseph

Vanhecke

et al. 2014

The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2014)

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“…Concerning the tarfics at 1940 MHz, the data are taken from a measuring campaign conducted using two mobile phone trackers. A detailed description of measurement campaigns and an analysis of obtained results are given in [32].…”

Section: Statistical Modeling Of a Realistic Exposure Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Characterization of the Uplink and Downlink Exposure in Wireless Networks

Krayni

Hadjem

Vermeeren

et al. 2017

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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This paper deals with a new methodology to assess the exposure induced by both uplink and downlink of a cellular network using 3D electromagnetic simulations. It aims to analyze together the exposure induced by a personal device (uplink exposure) and that induced by a base station (downlink exposure). The study involved the major parameters contributing to variability and uncertainty in exposure assessment, such as the user's posture, the type of wireless device, and the propagation environment. Our approach is relying basically on the modeling of the power radiated by the personal device and the ambient electric field, while taking into account the effects of human body shadowing and the propagation channel fluctuations. The exposure assessment as well as the human-wave interactions has been simulated using the finite difference in time domain method (FDTD). In uplink scenarios, four FDTD simulations were performed with a child model, used in two postures (sitting and standing) and in two usage scenarios (voice and data), which aimed to examine the exposure induced by a mobile phone and a tablet emitting, respectively, at 900 MHz and 1940 MHz. In the downlink scenario, a series of FDTD simulations of an exposure to a single plane wave and multiplane waves have been conducted, and an efficient metamodeling of the exposure using the Polynomial Chaos approach has been developed.

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The discrepancy between maximum in vitro exposure levels and realistic conservative exposure levels of mobile phones operating at 900/1800 MHz

Schmid

Kuster

2015

Bioelectromagnetics

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The objective of this paper is to compare realistic maximum electromagnetic exposure of human tissues generated by mobile phones with electromagnetic exposures applied during in vitro experiments to assess potentially adverse effects of electromagnetic exposure in the radiofrequency range. We reviewed 80 in vitro studies published between 2002 and present that concern possible adverse effects of exposure to mobile phones operating in the 900 and 1800 MHz bands. We found that the highest exposure level averaged over the cell medium that includes evaluated cells (monolayer or suspension) used in 51 of the 80 studies corresponds to 2 W/kg or less, a level below the limit defined for the general public. That does not take into account any exposure non-uniformity. For comparison, we estimated, by numerical means using dipoles and a commercial mobile phone model, the maximum conservative exposure of superficial tissues from sources operated in the 900 and 1800 MHz bands. The analysis demonstrated that exposure of skin, blood, and muscle tissues may well exceed 40 W/kg at the cell level. Consequently, in vitro studies reporting minimal or no effects in response to maximum exposure of 2 W/kg or less averaged over the cell media, which includes the cells, may be of only limited value for analyzing risk from realistic mobile phone exposure. We, therefore, recommend future in vitro experiments use specific absorption rate levels that reflect maximum exposures and that additional temperature control groups be included to account for sample heating.

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Duality Between Uplink Local and Downlink Whole-Body Exposures in Operating Networks

Cited by 40 publications

References 13 publications

Downlink electric-field and uplink SAR prediction algorithm in indoor wireless network planner

Downlink electric-field and uplink SAR prediction algorithm in indoor wireless network planner

Modeling and Characterization of the Uplink and Downlink Exposure in Wireless Networks

The discrepancy between maximum in vitro exposure levels and realistic conservative exposure levels of mobile phones operating at 900/1800 MHz

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