DSM-IV Antisocial Personality Disorder and Conduct Disorder: Evidence for Taxonic Structures Among Individuals With and Without Substance Use Disorders in the General Population

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Objective: The categorical-dimensional status of DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition)conduct disorder (CD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a source of controversy. This study examined whether the underlying structure of DSM-IV CD and ASPD was dimensional or categorical (taxonic) among individuals with and without substance use disorders. Method: Using a national large representative survey of U.S. adults (n = 43,093), taxometric analyses of DSM-IV CD and ASPD diagnostic criteria were conducted on the total sample and among those with and without substance use disorders. Results: Results of three taxometric procedures were consistent in showing that the structures underlying DSM-IV CD and ASPD were clearly taxonic in the total sample and among individuals with and without substance use disorders. Comparison curve fi t indices exceeded 0.57 for each model. Conclusions: Taxonic fi ndings of the present study were in contrast to the dimensional results of prior taxometric research among incarcerated samples with substantial comorbidity of antisocial syndromes and substance use disorders. Results supported the categorical representation and diagnostic thresholds of ASPD and CD as defi ned in DSM-IV and DSM-5. That the structure of ASPD and CD may be taxonic suggests that further research on these disorders use group comparative designs in which samples with and without these disorders are compared in terms of sociodemographic and clinical correlates, comorbidity, and treatment utilization. The taxonic structure of ASPD and CD may contribute to future research on causal processes through which these antisocial syndromes develop. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 75, 496-509, 2014)

Latent Structure of Antisocial and Borderline Personality Disorders: A Taxometric Research

“…Studies have empirically investigated the nature of the latent structure of APD and BPD, seeking to resolve the controversy of the categorical and dimensional approaches of these disorders. The results do not seem to support the categorical perspective previously used in the psychiatric diagnostic manuals, revealing the APD and BPD as having a dimensional nature (Arntz et al, 2009;Kerridge, Saha, & Hasin, 2014;Marcus, Lilienfeld, Edens, & Poythress , Walters, Diamond, Magaletta, Geyer, & Duncan, 2007). In contrast, there are a number of studies pointing them as categorical in nature (Hallquist & Pilkonis, 2012;Haslam, 2003;Lönnqvist, Verkasalo, Wichardt, & Walkowitz, Trull, Widiger, & Guthrie, 1990;Vasey, Kotov, Frick, & Loney, 2005).…”

“…The present study presents two main results. First, for APD, taxometric analysis revealed a clear dimensional structure (mean CCFI = 0.276), such as observed in most of the previous studies (Hallquist & Pilkonis, 2012;Kerridge et al, 2014;Marcus et al, 2006;Ruscio et al, 2010;Walters, 2008Walters, , 2011Walters, , 2015Walters et al, 2007), for exceptions see Haslam (2003) and Vasey et al (2005). This result suggests that there is no natural separation between individuals with and without APD; rather, it seems more plausible the existence of a continuum of antisocial personality along which all individuals of the population are disposed.…”

Unicorns, snarks, and personality types: A review of the first 102 taxometric studies of personality

“…These two taxonic findings, both reported in Norris et al (), relate to male and female homosexuality. Sexual orientation is rarely conceptualised as a personality variable, and in the absence of these findings, only two other findings from the remaining 100 findings based on simulated comparison data—on antisocial personality disorder (Kerridge et al, , ) and schizotypy (Everett & Linscott, )—favour the existence of a personality type. These two findings deviate from and are outweighed by other studies of the same characteristics: 22 antisociality findings and 7 schizotypy findings yield CCFI values in the non‐taxonic range (<0.45).…”

Προσδιορισμός της μεταβολής των κυτταροκινών IL-7, IL-10 και GCSF (Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor) σε ασθενείς εξαρτημένους από την αλκοόλη χωρίς ηπατική ανεπάρκεια, κατά τη διάρκεια της θεραπείας απεξάρτησης

“…Από την άλλη μεριά, παρατηρείται ότι μια σειρά των διαταραχών στο επίπεδο προσωπικότητας δείχνουν να έχουν μεγαλύτερη σχέση με την κατάχρηση ή εξάρτηση από το αλκοόλ. Πιο συγκριμένα, συχνά εμφανίζεται στη Σχιζοτυπική, Αντικοινωνική, Οριακή, Ναρκισσιστική και λιγότερο στις υπόλοιπες διαταραχές προσωπικότητας [19,135,136].…”