Dry sliding wear mechanisms of HIPIMS plasma nitrided CoCrMo alloy for medical implant applications

Sugumaran, Arunprabhu Arunachalam; Shukla, Krishnanand; Khan, Imran; Ehiasarian, Arutiun P.; Hovsepian, P.Eh.

doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109994

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, it can be concluded from Figure 5f that the thin layer of Co4N Figure 4 presents the XPS core-level spectra of specimen B5#; the spectra of the other specimens were similar. The peaks centered at binding energies of 781.03 and 796.83 eV in Figure 4a correspond to Co 2p 3/2 and Co 2p 1/2 of the Co compounds, respectively [36][37][38]. The peak corresponding to metallic Co (~778 eV) was not observed in the Co 2p spectrum, indicating the complete conversion of Co present on the surface to Co 4 N after plasma nitriding [39].…”

Section: Effect Of the Conversion Layer On Hfcvdmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…It can also be inferred that the white Co-rich particles are Co4N or incorporated with Co4N. Owing to its low Gibbs free energy and instability, the Co4N phase is not stable at elevated temperatures and under vacuum [35][36][37]. Hence, it is reasonable to propose that the Co-rich particles (sphere) consist of a γ-Co core and a Co4N outer layer.…”

Section: The Microstructure Of the Surface Conversion Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The out-diffusion of N from Co4N and the in-diffusion of N from the plasma environment are balanced on the surface layer of the sphere, resulting in the formation of a specific structure. Owing to its low Gibbs free energy and instability, the Co 4 N phase is not stable at elevated temperatures and under vacuum [35][36][37]. Hence, it is reasonable to propose that the Co-rich particles (sphere) consist of a γ-Co core and a Co 4 N outer layer.…”

Section: The Microstructure Of the Surface Conversion Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the shifts of the peaks at 44 • and 51 • toward lower angles with the increase in the N 2 fraction suggest the presence of a Co 4 N phase on the surface. It can also be inferred that the white Co-rich particles are Co 4 N or incorporated with Co 4 N. Owing to its low Gibbs free energy and instability, the Co 4 N phase is not stable at elevated temperatures and under vacuum[35][36][37]. Hence, it is reasonable to propose that the Co-rich particles (sphere) consist of a γ-Co core and a Co 4 N outer layer.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Low-Pressure Plasma Nitriding with Hollow Cathode Discharge on the Surface Microstructure of WC-Co Cermet

et al. 2021

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WC-Co cermet was plasma-nitrided with the assistance of a hollow cathode ion source at 400 °C under a vacuum of 3–8 Pa. Hot film chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) of a diamond coating was carried out on the nitrided specimen, without chemical etching. Scanning electronic microscopy, electron probing microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the surface microstructure of the nitride specimens and the coatings. A thin surface conversion layer with a specific structure was formed, in which the primary Co binder was transformed into Co-rich particles. The Co-rich particles consisted of a γ-Co core and a Co4N outer layer. This specific surface conversion layer significantly suppresses the out-diffusion and catalytic graphitization of Co during HFCVD. The existent phase, morphology, and density distribution of Co compounds can be tuned by varying the nitriding parameters, such as gas media, ionization ratio, bombardment energy flux, and nitriding duration.

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Section: Effect Of the Conversion Layer On Hfcvdmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Microstructure Of the Surface Conversion Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Microstructure Of the Surface Conversion Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Low-Pressure Plasma Nitriding with Hollow Cathode Discharge on the Surface Microstructure of WC-Co Cermet

et al. 2021

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“…The result shows a low specific wear coefficient at 20N load. Sugumaran AA et al [110] tested dry sliding wear on Co-Cr plasma-coated Ti alloy implant, and the nitride coating substrate showed high wear resistance and reports lowest wear coefficient of 1.11 × 10-15 m 3 /Nm, through 2 Km of sliding distance. Jayachitra R et al [111] developed a wear-resistance coating on Hastelloy with copper powder suspension, showing that coating thickness increases with powder concentration.…”

Section: Wear Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric discharge coating process: a critical review with potential application

Kumaran

Muralidharan²

2023

Eng. Res. Express

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Electric discharge coating (EDC) process is a competitive surface coating technology that alters the desired surface characteristics. EDC process deposits the material on the substrates from the sacrificial electrode by spark erosion process with the potential advantage of depositing any materials. This paper extensively reviews the work carried out in the EDC process and suggests areas of improvement for easy adaptability in industrial applications. Here, the variants of the EDC process, the route map for process parameter selection, the advantage over conventional methods, and coating characterization are discussed. The review sequentially presents the fundamental process, detailed analysis of tool and workpiece materials used, process parameters, and applications. EDC process has continued to be a key solution for many industrial needs, with the critical advantage of enhancing the substrate's serviceability and protecting against corrosion, thermal stress, and other adverse environmental conditions. The scope of the work is discussed in detail, with potential industrial and biomedical applications suggesting avenues for researchers and industrialists.

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Synthesis of Ti–Nb–C–N based composite coating on AISI-4340 steel by modified cathodic cage plasma deposition

et al. 2023

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Dry sliding wear mechanisms of HIPIMS plasma nitrided CoCrMo alloy for medical implant applications

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of Low-Pressure Plasma Nitriding with Hollow Cathode Discharge on the Surface Microstructure of WC-Co Cermet

Effect of Low-Pressure Plasma Nitriding with Hollow Cathode Discharge on the Surface Microstructure of WC-Co Cermet

Electric discharge coating process: a critical review with potential application

Synthesis of Ti–Nb–C–N based composite coating on AISI-4340 steel by modified cathodic cage plasma deposition

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